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American
Architectural History Research |
Assembling a Bibliography
When begining your work on an annotated bibliography, understand how your sources should be cited. Ask your instructor which citation style is preferred. If a specific style is not required, pick one and stick with it. Understand that citation styles apply to essays in festschrift, images, book reviews, movie clips, interviews, etc. The most common styles include:
# The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition: used with all subjects by books, magazines, newspapers, and other non-scholarly publications.
- Note the two basic styles: 1) Humanities Style (preferred by many in literature, history, and the arts) and 2) Author-Date System (used by those in the physical, natural, and social sciences).
# Modern Language Association, 6th edition: literature, arts, and humanities.
# Turabian - Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th edition: designed for college students to use with all subjects.
Examples of different bibliographic citation styles for a book:
Prose, Francine. The lives of the Muses: nine women & the artists they inspired. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2002. (Chicago - Humanities Style)
Prose, Francine. 2002. The lives of the Muses: nine women & the artists they inspired. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. (Chicago - Author-Date System)
Prose, Francine. The lives of the Muses: nine women & the artists they inspired. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2002. (MLA)
Prose, Francine. 2002. The lives of the Muses: nine women & the artists they inspired. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. (Turabian)
Footnote
vs. Endnote
A footnote appears within the actual text, at the foot of the page, whereas
an endnote appears at the very end of an article or a chapter but before
the bibliography. Oftentimes, endnotes for all chapters will appear at the
back of the book. Footnotes are preferred by many as they provide readers
an ease of reference (given that the notes are close to the text). Endnotes
are preferred when writers run the risk of lengthy and unwieldy footnotes.
Endnotes are good places to quote or discuss supplementary material (lengthy
quotations, tables, graphs). **Like bibliographic entries, endnotes and
footnotes are structured in different ways depending on the citation style
you select.
Bibliographic
Style Manuals & Tools
Refer to the
following resources for citation examples and explanations. Be sure to familiarize
yourself with the different bibliographic styles for citing captions, illustrations,
figures, etc. Useful examples can be found in Barnet's Short Guide to
Writing about Art (pages 262 and 303) and the Chicago Manual of Style
(refer to "Illustration reproduction" or "captions"
in the index).
The
Chicago Manual of Style. (2003) 15th ed. A&A Reference
- Z253 .U69 2003 (LC)
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. (2003) 6th ed.
CCL - LB2369 .G53X 2003 (LC)
Where Credit is Due: a Guide to Proper Citing of Sources, Print and
Nonprint. (1997) 2nd ed. CCL Stacks or SML Starr Reference -
PN171 F56 S35X 1997
A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations.
(1996) 6th ed. A&A Reference - LB2369 T865 1996 (LC)
A Short Guide to Writing about Art. (2003) 7th ed. A&A
Reference - N7476 .B37 2002 (LC)
Refworks:
Users can create their own personal research database of citations to books,
journal articles, and web pages, by importing references from online databases.
They can use these references in writing their papers and automatically
format the paper and the bibliography. Citations initially captured with
RefWorks can subsequently be exported to other citation programs, such as
Endnote, Procite, or Reference Manager. As a web-based product, RefWorks
is available to users across various platforms including Windows, Mac, Unix,
etc.
Beginning Your Research
1.
Research & Writing Guides
The
following art history research guides will help you get organized in terms of
kicking off your research and structuring your paper:
Writing
about Visual Art. (2003) A&A N7476 .C378X 2003 (LC)
Writing about Art. (1999) A&A - N7476 S29 1999 (LC)
The Dissertation: an Architecture Student's Handbook. (2000) A&A
Reference - NA2108 B67X 2000 (LC)
Learning to Look at Paintings. (1997) A&A - ND1143 A38X
1997 (LC)
Learning to Look: a Handbook for the Visual Arts. (1981) A&A
- N7477 T39 1981 (LC)
History of Art: a Students' Handbook. (1997) A&A - N380
P56 1997 (LC)
1.
Research & Writing Guides
The
following art history research guides will help you get organized in terms
of kicking off your research and structuring your paper:
Writing
about Visual Art. (2003) A&A N7476 .C378X 2003 (LC)
Writing about Art. (1999) A&A - N7476 S29 1999 (LC)
The Dissertation: an Architecture Student's Handbook. (2000)
A&A Reference - NA2108 B67X 2000 (LC)
Learning to Look at Paintings. (1997) A&A - ND1143
A38X 1997 (LC)
Learning to Look: a Handbook for the Visual Arts. (1981) A&A
- N7477 T39 1981 (LC)
History of Art: a Students' Handbook. (1997) A&A -
N380 P56 1997 (LC)
2.
Understanding What Yale Has
The Yale University Library has 10+ million volumes available in 22 different
libraries on campus, including the Art and Architecture Library. Orbis
is the central catalog and searches every Yale library EXCEPT for the Law
Library, which has its own catalog, Morris.
- Search the library catalog by names, subject headings, or keywords. Don't enter punctuation within search terms. You may have to try several different strategies depending on your topic. Do not hesitate to contact the Arts Public Services Librarian if you hit a snag.
- Once you find something that you want to see, note where the item is located (it may not be in A&A), note its call number, and note its status (checked out, in process, etc.).
Books: This category includes exhibition catalogs, artists' books, museum collection catalogs, dictionaries, encyclopedias, dissertations, graphic novels, etc.
To find books on a specific artist, search the artist's name as either an AUTHOR or SUBJECT. The artist is often listed as the "author" for exhibition catalogs. Be sure to look at the artist's catalogue raisonnés and art monographs; also note if you're looking at a primary or secondary source. For more information on researching a specific artist / architect in Orbis, click here.
Magazines/Journals/Newspapers: This category includes publications that come out in parts at scheduled intervals of time. They may be published annually, quarterly, monthly, weekly, daily, etc. Many of Yale's magazines/ journals/ newspapers are available online. Each interval of publication is called an issue; issues make up a volume. Issues and volumes are identified by a number and/or date. Be sure to note this information when retrieving a journal from the stacks. For more information on locating articles in the A&A Library, click here.
Archives / Special Collections: Yale University Library has many special collections and archives available to students. While many of the collections' holdings are searchable through Orbis, many have their own separate catalogs or finding aids. Contact the individual library or collection for more information.
3. Getting the Basics Straight
Art & Architecture Style Guidesand Glossaries - If you are unsure about what category or time period your art object falls into or if you are new to art history research, the following resources are helpful. They answer basic questions and often include additional reading suggestions:
1) ArtSpeak: a Guide to Contemporary Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords. (1990) A&A - N6490 A87 1990 (LC)
2) Artspoke: a Guide to Modern Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords, 1848-1944. (1993) A&A - N6447 A85X 1993 (LC)
3) American Architecture Since 1780: a Guide to the Styles. (1992) A&A - NA705 W45 1992 (LC)
4) Architectural Styles: an Historical Guide to World Design. (1982) A&A Reference - NA204 P6713 1981 (LC)
Art & Architecture History Survey Texts - Whether you use your own survey text or one of the following suggestions, all of these resources have detailed indexes that will help you answer some of the questions list above. Oftentimes, additional readings will be included at the end of each chapter that could help you start your bibliography.
1) History of Art. (2001) 6th ed. A&A - N5300 J35 2001 (LC)+
2) Gardner's Art through the Ages. (2001) 11th ed. A&A - N5300 G37 2001 (LC)+
3) The Bulfinch Guide to Art History: a Comprehensive Survey and Dictionary of Western Art and Architecture. (1996) A&A - N380 B85 1996 (LC)
2) Architecture in the United States: a survey of architectural styles since 1776. (1976) A&A - NA705 H33 (LC)
3) The crowning of the American landscape: eight great spaces and their buildings. (1985) LSF - SB470.53 C74 1985 (LC)+
5) American buildings and their architects . (1976) A&A - NA705 P54 1976
Researching a Building
