ÿþ<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Subject headings for choruses vs. cantatas; songs vs. solo cantatas</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BGColor="20B2AA"> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><A HREF="musicat.htm">Music Cataloging at Yale</A></B> <IMG ALIGN="Middle" SRC="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/music1.gif"> <B><A HREF="musicat.htm#subj">Music Subject Cataloging</A></B></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <CENTER> <H3> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=3> Subject Headings for Vocal Music</FONT> </H3> </CENTER> <CENTER> <TABLE Border=0 Width="100%"> <TR> <TD VAlign=Top Width="33%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A HREF="#choruses"><B>Choruses vs. Cantatas</B></A><BR> <SMALL><A HREF="#chorsec">Indication of secular/sacred</A><BR> <A HREF="#chortype">Indication of type of voice</A><BR> <A HREF="#chorpart">Number of parts</A><BR> <A HREF="#choracc">Accompaniment</A><BR> <A HREF="#chorarr">Arrangements</A><BR> <A HREF="#chorsubd">Format subdivisions</A></SMALL></FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="33%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A HREF="#ensembles"><B>Vocal Ensembles</B></A> (solo voices)<BR> <SMALL><A HREF="#ensembsec">Indication of secular/sacred</A><BR> <A HREF="#ensembtype">Indication of type of voice</A><BR> <A HREF="#ensembacc">Accompaniment</A><BR> <A HREF="#ensembarr">Arrangements</A><BR> <A HREF="#ensembsubd">Format subdivisions</A></SMALL></FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="33%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A HREF="#songs"><B>Songs vs. Solo Cantatas</B></A><BR> <SMALL><A HREF="#songsec">Indication of secular/sacred</A><BR> <A HREF="#songtype">Indication of type of voice</A><BR> <A HREF="#songacc">Accompaniment</A><BR> <A HREF="#songarr">Arrangements</A><BR> <A HREF="#songsubd">Format subdivisions</A></SMALL></FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> <TABLE border=0 BGColor="20B2AA" Width="100%"> <TR BGColor="CD5C5C" Width="100%"> <TD Width="20%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="choruses">&nbsp;</A></FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><FONT Color="FFDEAD">CHORUSES</FONT></B> <SMALL><FONT Color="FFDEAD"><BR> (See also </FONT><A HREF="darnchor.htm"><FONT Color="FFDEAD">Chorus subject headings</FONT></A><FONT Color="FFDEAD">)</FONT></SMALL></FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><FONT Color="FFDEAD">CANTATAS</FONT></B></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD BGColor="FFDEAD" Valign=Top Width="20%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="chorsec">Indication of secular/sacred:</A></FONT> <BR> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Implicit for neither<BR> </FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Inverted for both</FONT> </UL> </TD> <TD BGColor="FFDEAD" Valign=Top Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><BR><BR>Choruses, Secular <BR> Choruses, Sacred</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="FFDEAD" Valign=Top Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><BR><BR>Cantatas, Secular <BR> Cantatas, Sacred</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top Width="20%" RowSpan=2><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="chortype">Indication of type of voice:</A></FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Indicate type of voice followed by "voices" (except for unison) for single works or collections for one type of voice.</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Don't indicate voice type for collections of works for more than one type of voice.</FONT> </UL> </TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><U>Single works</U>:<BR> Choruses, Secular (Women's voices) <BR> Choruses, Sacred (Equal voices) <BR> Choruses, Secular (Unison)<BR> </FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><U>Single works</U>:<BR> Cantatas, Secular (Women's voices) <BR> Cantatas, Sacred (Equal voices) <BR> Cantatas, Secular (Unison)<BR> Cantatas, Secular [<SMALL>"Mixed voices" is implicit for single works for mixed voices.</SMALL>]</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><U>Collections</U>:<BR> Choruses, Sacred (Men's voices) <SMALL>[all for men's voices]</SMALL><BR> Choruses, Secular <SMALL>[for various types of voices]</SMALL></FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><U>Collections</U>:<BR> Cantatas, Sacred (Men's voices) <SMALL>[all for men's voices]</SMALL><BR> Cantatas, Secular <SMALL>[for various types of voices]</SMALL></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="chorpart">Indicate number of parts?</A></FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Yes, when applicable; <SMALL><I>see</I> <A HREF="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/darnchor.htm">Chorus subject headings</A></SMALL> <BR> Choruses, Secular (Mixed voices, 4 parts)<BR> <SMALL><FONT Color="red">---------------------------</FONT></SMALL><BR> <SMALL><FONT Color="red"><I>Note</I></FONT>: It is <A HREF="local6xx.htm#darnchor">Yale's practice</A> to <B><I>not</I></B> add the number of voices to any chorus subject heading.</SMALL></FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No <BR> Cantatas, Secular (Men's voices)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top Width="20%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="choracc">Indicate accompaniment or<BR> lack of accompaniment?</A></FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Yes, when applicable; <SMALL><I>see</I> <A HREF="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/darnchor.htm">Chorus subject headings</A></SMALL> <BR> Choruses, Secular (Men's voices) with orchestra <BR> Choruses, Sacred (Children's voices) with instrumental ensemble <BR> Choruses, Secular (Mixed voices), Unaccompanied</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No <BR> Cantatas, Secular (Men's voices) <BR> Choruses, Sacred (Children's voices)</FONT> <P> <P> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Cantatas, Secular</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="chorarr">Add "Arranged"</A> for works arranged for chorus?</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No. "Arranged" is added only to subject headings&nbsp;for instrumental music.</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No. "Arranged" is added only to subject headings&nbsp;for instrumental music.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="chorsubd">Add</A> &#135;v for format subdivision?</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Yes, when applicable; <SMALL><I>see</I> <A HREF="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/darnchor.htm">Chorus subject headings</A></SMALL><BR> Choruses, Secular (Mixed voices) with band &#135;v Scores.</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Yes<BR> Cantatas, Secular (Women's&nbsp; voices) &#135;v Scores.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD BGColor="20B2AA" ColSpan=3><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="CD5C5C"> <TD Width="20%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="ensembles">&nbsp;</A></FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><FONT Color="FFDEAD">VOCAL ENSEMBLES<BR> of 9 or fewer solo voices</FONT></B></FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><FONT Color="FFDEAD">VOCAL ENSEMBLES<BR> of 10 or more voices</FONT></B></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top Width="20%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="ensembsec">Indication of secular/sacred:</A></FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Implicit for secular</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Direct order for sacred</FONT> </UL> </TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><BR><BR>Vocal quartets <BR> Sacred vocal duets</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><BR> <BR> Vocal ensembles<BR> Sacred vocal ensembles</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top Width="20%" RowSpan=1><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="ensembtype">Indication of type of voice:</A> <BR> </FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Type of voice is not indicated</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Type of voice is not indicated</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top Width="20%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="ensembacc">Indicate accompaniment</A> or<BR> lack of accompaniment?</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Yes.<BR> Vocal septets with instrumental ensemble<BR> Sacred vocal trios with continuo<BR> Vocal quintets, Unaccompanied</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Yes.<BR> Vocal ensembles with electronics<BR> Vocal ensembles with flute<BR> Sacred vocal ensembles, Unaccompanied</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="ensembarr">Add "Arranged"</A> for works arranged for vocal ensemble?</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No. "Arranged" is added only to subject headings for instrumental music.</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No. "Arranged" is added only to subject headings for instrumental music.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top RowSpan=2><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="ensembsubd">Add</A> &#135;v for format subdivision?</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No when:</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Unaccompanied<BR> or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Accompanied by</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> one instrument, or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> two of the same keyboard instrument, or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> continuo</FONT> </UL> </UL> </TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No when:</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Unaccompanied<BR> or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Accompanied by</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> one instrument, or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> two keyboard instruments, or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> continuo</FONT> </UL> </UL> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Yes when accompanied by:</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> two or more instruments (other than two keyboard instruments or continuo)</FONT> </UL> </TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Yes when accompanied by:</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> two or more instruments (other than two keyboard instruments or continuo)</FONT> </UL> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD BGColor="20B2AA" ColSpan=3><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="CD5C5C"> <TD Width="5%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="songs">&nbsp;</A></FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><FONT Color="FFDEAD">SONGS</FONT></B></FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><P ALIGN=Center> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><FONT Color="FFDEAD">SOLO CANTATAS</FONT></B></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="songsec">Indication of secular/sacred:</A></FONT><BR> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Implicit for secular songs, not for secular solo cantatas</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> "Sacred" indicated in direct order for songs, in inverted order for solo cantatas</FONT> </UL> </TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Secular is implied for songs; do not invert for sacred songs.<BR><BR> Songs</FONT> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Sacred songs</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Neither is implied for solo cantatas; invert to designate secular or sacred<BR><BR>Solo cantatas, Secular</FONT> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Solo cantatas, Sacred</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="songtype">Indication of type of voice:</A>?</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Use high, medium, or low;<BR> not the name of voice type</FONT> </UL> </TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><BR> Songs (High voice)</FONT> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Sacred songs (Medium voice)</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><BR> Solo cantatas, Secular (High voice)</FONT> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Solo cantatas, Sacred (Medium voice)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="songacc">Indicate accompaniment</A> or lack of accompaniment?</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Yes</FONT> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Songs (Low voice) with piano</FONT> <P> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Sacred songs (High voice), Unaccompanied.</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No</FONT> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Solo cantatas, Secular (Low voice)</FONT> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Solo cantatas, Sacred (High voice)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="songarr">Add "Arranged"</A> for works arranged for solo voice?</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No. "Arranged" is added only to subject headings&nbsp;for instrumental music.</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No. "Arranged" is added only to subject headings&nbsp;for instrumental music.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top RowSpan=2><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="songsubd">Add</A> &#135;v for format subdivision?</FONT></TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No when:</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Unaccompanied<BR> or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Accompanied by</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> one instrument, or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> two keyboard instruments, or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> continuo</FONT> </UL> </UL> </TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>No when:</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Unaccompanied<BR> or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Accompanied by</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> one instrument, or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> two keyboard instruments, or</FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> continuo</FONT> </UL> </UL> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="FFDEAD"> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Yes when accompanied by:</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> two or more instruments (other than two keyboard instruments or continuo)</FONT> </UL> </TD> <TD Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Yes when accompanied by:</FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> two or more instruments (other than two keyboard instruments or continuo)</FONT> </UL> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <HR NOSHADE Color="FFDEAD"> <A HREF="musicat.htm"><IMG SRC="music3.gif" WIDTH="30" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="Left" ALT="[Return to Music Cataloging at Yale]"></A> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1>Comments to <A HREF="mailto:michelle.koth@yale.edu">Mickey Koth</A> Yale University Music Library<BR> &copy;<A HREF="http://www.library.yale.edu/htmldocs/copyright.html">Yale University Library</A> Last revised 12/12/12.</FONT> </BODY></HTML>