ÿþ<HTML> <HEAD> <!-- File instrum.htm --> <TITLE>MARC Codes for instruments (048 Field)</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#c0dcc0" TEXT="#408080"> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A HREF="musicat.htm">Music Cataloging at Yale</A></B> <IMG ALIGN="Middle" SRC="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/music1.gif"> <B><A HREF="musicat.htm#MARC">MARC Tagging</A></B></FONT> </CENTER> <CENTER> <H3> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=3> MARC Codes for instruments and voices (048 Field))</FONT> </H3> </CENTER> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B>Use of the 048 field is <I>optional</I></B>. It is not used for the following types of works:<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#183; works such as operas or other large vocal works with unspecified instrumentation<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#183; collections for miscellaneous instrumentation<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#183; folk songs and folk music<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#183; hymns and liturgical chants <BR> <BR> Both indicators are always blank. <BR> <BR> The codes for the instruments/voices/ensemble are are <A HREf="#listofcodes">listed below</A>. </FONT> <TABLE> <TR> <TD ColSpan=2><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Subfields:</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>a:</FONT></TD> <TD><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>1. solo instrument with no accompaniment<BR> 2. individual instruments/voices of a chamber group<BR> 3. ensembles</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>b:</FONT></TD> <TD><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>solo instrument that is accompanied; the accompanying instrument or ensemble is tagged in </FONT><FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>a</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Examples:</FONT> <TABLE Width="100%"> <TR> <TD Width="15%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>oa<BR> oa02<BR> wa01 <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>a ka01<BR> <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>b wb01 <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>a oc<BR> <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>b wb01 <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>a ka01<BR> ka01<BR> ka02<BR> ka01 <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>a ka01<BR> zn01<BR> pa01<BR> pa04<BR> ca04<BR> ca04 <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>a ca04<BR> ca08<BR> <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>b va01 <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>a cb04</FONT></TD> <TD Width="85%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>for orchestra, oa01 is incorrect<BR> for two orchestras<BR> for flute and piano<BR> for oboe accompanied by string orchestra<BR> for oboe and string orchestra; accompaniment arranged for piano<BR> for solo piano- not <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>b ka01, because there is no accompaniment<BR> for piano, four hands<BR> for two pianos<BR> for accordion<BR> for one timpani player, regardless of number of timpani<BR> for four timpani players<BR> for 4-part mixed chorus<BR> for two 4-part mixed choruses<BR> for 8-part mixed chorus<BR> for soprano solo and 4-part Women's chorus</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> NOTE: When a solo voice or voices is accompanied by piano, piano 4 hands, or 2 pianos, <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>b is not used, even if the piano accompaniment is reduced from a larger ensemble. However, if a solo voice is accompanied by an ensemble, <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>b is used:</FONT> <TABLE Width="100%"> <TR> <TD Width="15%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>a vh01 <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>a ka01<BR> <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>b vh01 <FONT FACE="Courier New">&#135;</FONT>a oa</FONT></TD> <TD Width="85%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>for high voice and piano<BR> for high voice and orchestra</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ColSpan=2><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1>SOURCE: Jay Weitz, MOUG Newsletter, no. 42.</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <P> <HR NOSHADE Color="FFFFFF"> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><A NAME="listofcodes">List of codes</A></B></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> From the chart below, each instrument or voice is given a two-letter code and a two-digit number. The alphabetic code refers to the type of instrument, voice, or ensemble; the numeric code indicates how many there are. For keyboard instruments, code for the number of players per instrument. Percussion instruments are coded according to how many players are required. Large ensembles such as orchestra (oa) are not given a number to indicate how many unless there is more than one. With choruses, the number indicates number of vocal parts. </FONT> <P> <TABLE border="0" BGColor="FFFFFF" Width="100%"> <TR BGCOLOR="#c0dcc0"> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Woodwinds</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Brasses</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Strings</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Plucked</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Keyboard</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#c0dcc0"> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>wa flute<BR> wb oboe<BR> wc clarinet<BR> wd bassoon<BR> we piccolo<BR> wf English horn<BR> wg bass clarinet<BR> wh recorder<BR> wi saxophone<BR> wn unspecified<BR> wu unknown<BR> wy ethnic<BR> wz other</FONT></TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>ba horn<BR> bb trumpet<BR> bc cornet<BR> bd trombone<BR> be tuba<BR> bf euphonium<BR> bn unspecified<BR> bu unknown<BR> by ethnic<BR> bz other brass<BR> </FONT></TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>sa violin<BR> sb viola<BR> sc violoncello<BR> sd double bass<BR> se viol<BR> sf viola d'amore<BR> sg viola da gamba<BR> sn unspecified<BR> su unknown<BR> sy ethnic<BR> sz other</FONT></TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>ta harp<BR> tb guitar<BR> tc lute<BR> td mandolin<BR> tn unspecified<BR> tu unknown<BR> ty ethnic<BR> tz other</FONT></TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>ka piano<BR> kb organ<BR> kc harpsichord<BR> kd clavichord<BR> ke continuo<BR> kf celesta<BR> kn unspecified<BR> ku unknown<BR> ky ethnic<BR> kz other</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#c0dcc0"> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=2 Align=Left Valign=Top><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Percussion</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=2 Align=Left Valign=Top><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Electronic</B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=2 Align=Left Valign=Top><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Voices</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=2 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Ensembles</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#c0dcc0"> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Vocal </B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Instrumental</B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGCOLOR="#c0dcc0"> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>pa timpani<BR> pb xylophone<BR> pc marimba<BR> pd drum<BR> pn unspecified<BR> pu unknown<BR> py ethnic<BR> pz other</FONT></TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>ea synthesizer<BR> eb tape<BR> ec computer<BR> ed ondes martinot<BR> en unspecified<BR> eu unknown<BR> ez other</FONT></TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>va soprano<BR> vb mezzo soprano<BR> vc alto<BR> vd tenor<BR> ve baritone<BR> vf bass<BR> vg counter tenor<BR> vh high voice<BR> vi medium voice<BR> vj low voice<BR> vn unspecified<BR> vu unknown<BR> vy ethnic</FONT></TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>ca mixed voices<BR> cb women's voices<BR> cc men's voices<BR> cd children's voices<BR> cn unspecified chorus<BR> cu unknown chorus<BR> cy ethnic chorus</FONT></TD> <TD Width="20%" ColSpan=1 RowSpan=1 Align=Left Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>oa orchestra<BR> ob chamber orchestra<BR> oc string orchestra<BR> od band<BR> oe dance orchestra<BR> of brass band<BR> on unspecified ensemble<BR> ou unknown ensemble<BR> oy ethnic ensemble<BR> oz other ensemble</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <HR NOSHADE Color="FFFFFF"> <A HREF="musicat.htm"><IMG SRC="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/music3.gif" WIDTH="30" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="Left" ALT="[Return to Music Cataloging at Yale]"></A> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1>Co</FONT> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1>mments to <A HREF="mailto:michelle.koth@yale.edu">Mickey Koth</A> Yale University Music Library<BR> Last revised July 9, 2012.</FONT> </BODY></HTML>