Music Cataloging at Yale MARC Tagging

Use of the 048 field is optional. It is not used for the following types of works:
   · works such as operas or other large vocal works with unspecified instrumentation
   · collections for miscellaneous instrumentation
   · folk songs and folk music
   · hymns and liturgical chants

Both indicators are always blank.

The codes for the instruments/voices/ensemble are are listed below.

Subfields:
‡a:	1. solo instrument with no accompaniment 2. individual instruments/voices of a chamber group 3. ensembles
‡b:	solo instrument that is accompanied; the accompanying instrument or ensemble is tagged in ‡a

Examples:

oa oa02 wa01 ‡a ka01 ‡b wb01 ‡a oc ‡b wb01 ‡a ka01 ka01 ka02 ka01 ‡a ka01 zn01 pa01 pa04 ca04 ca04 ‡a ca04 ca08 ‡b va01 ‡a cb04

for orchestra, oa01 is incorrect for two orchestras for flute and piano for oboe accompanied by string orchestra for oboe and string orchestra; accompaniment arranged for piano for solo piano- not ‡b ka01, because there is no accompaniment for piano, four hands for two pianos for accordion for one timpani player, regardless of number of timpani for four timpani players for 4-part mixed chorus for two 4-part mixed choruses for 8-part mixed chorus for soprano solo and 4-part Women's chorus

NOTE: When a solo voice or voices is accompanied by piano, piano 4 hands, or 2 pianos, ‡b is not used, even if the piano accompaniment is reduced from a larger ensemble. However, if a solo voice is accompanied by an ensemble, ‡b is used:

‡a vh01 ‡a ka01 ‡b vh01 ‡a oa	for high voice and piano for high voice and orchestra
SOURCE: Jay Weitz, MOUG Newsletter, no. 42.

From the chart below, each instrument or voice is given a two-letter code and a two-digit number. The alphabetic code refers to the type of instrument, voice, or ensemble; the numeric code indicates how many there are. For keyboard instruments, code for the number of players per instrument. Percussion instruments are coded according to how many players are required. Large ensembles such as orchestra (oa) are not given a number to indicate how many unless there is more than one. With choruses, the number indicates number of vocal parts.

Woodwinds	Brasses	Strings	Plucked	Keyboard
wa flute wb oboe wc clarinet wd bassoon we piccolo wf English horn wg bass clarinet wh recorder wi saxophone wn unspecified wu unknown wy ethnic wz other	ba horn bb trumpet bc cornet bd trombone be tuba bf euphonium bn unspecified bu unknown by ethnic bz other brass	sa violin sb viola sc violoncello sd double bass se viol sf viola d'amore sg viola da gamba sn unspecified su unknown sy ethnic sz other	ta harp tb guitar tc lute td mandolin tn unspecified tu unknown ty ethnic tz other	ka piano kb organ kc harpsichord kd clavichord ke continuo kf celesta kn unspecified ku unknown ky ethnic kz other
Percussion	Electronic	Voices	Ensembles
			Vocal	Instrumental
pa timpani pb xylophone pc marimba pd drum pn unspecified pu unknown py ethnic pz other	ea synthesizer eb tape ec computer ed ondes martinot en unspecified eu unknown ez other	va soprano vb mezzo soprano vc alto vd tenor ve baritone vf bass vg counter tenor vh high voice vi medium voice vj low voice vn unspecified vu unknown vy ethnic	ca mixed voices cb women's voices cc men's voices cd children's voices cn unspecified chorus cu unknown chorus cy ethnic chorus	oa orchestra ob chamber orchestra oc string orchestra od band oe dance orchestra of brass band on unspecified ensemble ou unknown ensemble oy ethnic ensemble oz other ensemble