ÿþ<TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Subject headings for instrumental music</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BGColor="white"> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><A HREF="musicat.htm">Music Cataloging at Yale</A></B> <IMG ALIGN="Middle" SRC="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/music1.gif"> <B><A HREF="musicat.htm#subj">Subject cataloging</A></B></FONT> </CENTER> <CENTER> <H3> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=3>Subject headings for instrumental music</FONT> </H3> </CENTER> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <FONT Color="red"><B><I>In progress</I></B></FONT></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>See also: Music subject headings <A HREF="subvocal.htm">vocal music</A><BR> <A HREf="subjsubd.htm">Subject subdivisions and qualifiers for music subject headings</A> and <A HREf="subdcode.htm">Coding for form and topic subdivisions</A></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREF="#instform">Musical form/genre headings</A> || <A HREF="#formnotqual">not qualified by medium of performance</A> || <A HREF="#moreoneinst">for works for more than one instrument</A></FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREF="#medperf">Medium of performance headings</A>: <A HREF="#formname">Form of the name of instruments in subject headings</A></FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREF="#formmed">Examples of form and medium of performance subject headings</A></FONT> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREF="#onetwo"><B>one to two</B></A> instruments: <A HREF="#onetwolike">like</A> instruments || <A HREF="#onetwodiff">different</A> instruments || <A HREF="#onetwochord">one chordal and one other instrument</A></FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREF="#threenine"><B>three to nine</B></A> instruments: <A HREF="#threeninestand">standard chamber</A> combinations || <A HREF="#threenineother">other chamber</A> combinations: number of instruments: <A HREF="#three">three</A> || <A HREF="#four">four</A> || <A HREF="#five">five</A> || <A HREF="#six">six</A> || <A HREF="#seven">seven</A> || <A HREF="#eight">eight</A> || <A HREF="#nine">nine</A></FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREF="#tenmore"><B>Ten or more</B></A> instruments: <A HREF="#tenmoreone">one to a part</A> || <A HREF="#tenmoretwo">two or more to a part</A></FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREF="#ensemb">Large ensembles</A>: <A HREF="#bandorch">Band or orchestra</A> || <A HREF="#solowithens">One or more instruments accompanied by large ensemble</A></FONT> </UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREF="#keyboard">Keyboard (harpsichord, piano, organ, etc.) music</A></FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREF="#percussion">Percussion music</A>: <A HREF="#percmusic">music for percussion instrument(s)</A> || <A HREF="#numbperc">indicating number of percussion instruments</A></FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A HREF="#noninstr">Music using non-musical instruments as instruments</A></FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREf="#electronic">Those darn electronic music headings!</A></FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREf="#audience">Music with audience participation</A></FONT> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREf="#arrangements">Arrangements</A></FONT> </UL> <P> <HR NOSHADE Color="blue"> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A NAME="instform">Musical form/genre headings</A></B></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Musical form/genre headings are used when the work is in a specific form and that form is found in LCSH. Some forms are found in LCSH: Sonatas, Rondos, Waltzes, etc., and others are not: Fantasies, Preludes. <BR> <BR> The most specific form heading should be used when that form is found in LCSH. This means that in most cases, a single subject heading will sufficiently describe the work. For example, a sonata for piano will be assigned the subject heading Sonatas (Piano). To assign a second subject heading for medium of performance, such as Piano music, would be incorrect, since the first subject heading is more specific and sufficient. <BR> <BR> Musical form/genre headings are usually qualified by medium of performance. The name of the instrument is enclosed in parentheses. When a parenthesis is the final element of a subject heading, there is no final period. <BR> <BR> Examples:<BR> 650 0 Suites (Organ)<BR> 650 0 Rondos (Piano)<BR> 650 0 Sonatas (<A HREf="#cello">Violoncello</A>)<BR> 650 0 Variations (Violin) <BR> <BR> <A NAME="sonatas"><B>Sonatas:</B></A> <BR> <BR> The form subject heading "Sonatas" is applied to music for one or two instruments only. When a work for three or more instruments is titled "Sonata," the uniform title <I>may</I> use that term as the initial title element, but the subject heading will be either "Trio sonatas" or a medium of performance heading (trios, quartets, etc.). A work titled "Sonata" for four violins would be assigned the subject heading: String quartets (Violins (4)) <BR> <BR> <A NAME="formnotqual"><B>Musical form/genre headings that are not qualified by medium of performance</B></A> <BR> <BR> There are two reasons why a form heading would not be qualified by medium of performance:<BR> <A HREF="#1formnotqual">1.</A> because the medium of performance is implied in the form;<BR> <A HREF="#2formnotqual">2.</A> for some unknown, mysterious reason, the Library of Congress has decided that a particular form heading should not be qualified by medium of performance.<BR> [<FONT COLOR="#0000ff"><B>&#187;</B></FONT> Note: It is not LCSH practice to bring out the medium of performance in the majority of headings assigned to popular music.] <BR> <BR> <A NAME="1formnotqual">1. Some form headings</A> have an implied medium of performance and will not be qualified. The scope note under the heading in LCSH will indicate when the form heading is usually for a specific instrument and should not be qualified by the name of that instrument. When that same form is for a medium of performance other than the implied medium, that form heading is qualified by the name of the instrument(s):</FONT> <P> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>010&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sh 85024709<BR> 150&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chorale preludes<BR> 550&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chorales<BR> <FONT Color="red">680&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Here are entered compositions originally written or arranged for organ. Similar compositions written for media other than organ receive the heading Chorale preludes, followed by specification of medium, e.g. Chorale preludes (Orchestra)</FONT></FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Examples:<BR> </FONT> <TABLE Width="100%"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Sonatas (Piano)<BR> Symphonies.<BR> Symphonies (String orchestra)<BR> Chorale preludes.<BR> Chorale preludes (Orchestra)</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>no medium is implied by "sonata"<BR> orchestra is implied<BR> since orchestra is implied by "Symphonies," any other medium must be specified<BR> organ is implied<BR> since organ is the medium implicit in "Chorale preludes," any other medium must be specified</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="2formnotqual">2. Some form headings</A> cannot be qualified by medium of performance. The scope notes in LCSH indicate which form headings are never qualified by medium of performance, regardless of instrumentation:</FONT> <P> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>010&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sh 93006216<BR> 150&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Toccatas<BR> 680&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Here are entered works composed in the form of the toccata. Works on the toccata as a musical form are entered under Toccata.<BR> 680&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A second heading for <A HREF="#medperf">medium of performance</A> is assigned if a specific medium of performance is given in the work.</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> In these cases, a second heading for medium of performance is assigned. Neither subject heading by itself would completely describe the work. This is one circumstance under which more than one subject heading is assigned to describe one work: <BR> <BR> 650 0 Toccatas.<BR> 650 0 Organ music. <BR> <BR> 650 0 Pavans.<BR> 650 0 Harpsichord music. <BR> <BR> 650 0 Tarantellas.<BR> 650 0 Band music.</FONT> <P> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD BGColor="#FFFFFF" VAlign=Top Width="33%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>form subject headings that at time were qualified by medium of performance (and therefore require an additional heading for <A HREF="subinstr.htm#medperf">medium of performance</A>)</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFFFFF" VAlign=Top Width="33%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>form subject headings that were never qualified by medium of performance (and therefore require an additional heading for <A HREF="subinstr.htm#medperf">medium of performance</A>)</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFFFFF" VAlign=Top Width="33%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>types of compositions in forms for which there were never corresponding form subject headings (and therefore require <A HREF="subinstr.htm#medperf">medium of performance</A> subject headings)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><U><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1>dance forms such as</FONT></U><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1>:<BR> </FONT> <TABLE Width="100%" CellPadding="2"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Valign=Top Width="50%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size="2">allemandes<BR> bourr&eacute;es<BR> courantes<BR> fandangos<BR> foxtrots<BR> galliards<BR> gavottes<BR> jigs<BR> mazurkas</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top Width="50%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size="2"> minuets<BR> pavans<BR> polkas<BR> polonaises<BR> sarabands<BR> tangos<BR> tarantellas<BR> waltzes</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size="2">fanfares<BR> toccatas</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size="2">fantasies<BR> inventions<BR> nocturnes<BR> preludes<BR> ricercars</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B> <A NAME="moreoneinst">Works for more than one instrument</A></B> <BR> <BR> When more than one instrument is involved, they are added to the form heading in parentheses in the following order: by instrument family name first, then within each family:</FONT> <P> <CENTER> <TABLE Border=0 BGColor="#006666"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Valign="Top" ColSpan=3 BGColor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B>Instrument Family</B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> <TD Valign="Top" Width="40%" BGColor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B>Comments</B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> <TD Valign="Top" BGColor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B>Order within family</B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" ColSpan=2><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Keyboard<BR> <SMALL>(includes electronic equivalents)</SMALL></FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>harpsichord<BR> organ<BR> piano</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" Valign="Top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For a more complete list of keyboard instruments, see <A HREF="instname.htm#keyboard">Keyboard instruments</A><BR> <FONT COLOR="Red"><SMALL><B><A HREF="#accordion">accordion</A></B> and <B><A HREF="#celesta">celesta</A></B> are to be considered keyboard instruments for the purposes of subject headings. (<B>Bandoneon</B> is also being considered a keyboard instrument.)</SMALL></FONT><SMALL><BR> Continuo is given as the last element of the subject element rather than as a keyboard instrument.</SMALL></FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" Valign="Top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>alphabetical order</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" RowSpan=2><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Winds</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Woodwinds</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>flute<BR> oboe<BR> clarinet<BR> saxophone<BR> bassoon</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" Valign="Top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For a more complete list of woodwinds, see <A HREF="instname.htm#woodwind">Woodwind instruments</A></FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" Valign="Top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>alphabetical order<BR> <SMALL>Alphabetize the names <I>before</I> adding "s" for plural:<BR> use <FONT COLOR="#ff0000">oboes (2), oboe d'amore</FONT><BR> <I>not</I> oboe d'amore, oboes (2)<BR> because "oboe" (in the singular) would alphabetize before "oboe d'amore" </SMALL></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Brasses</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>horn<BR> trumpet<BR> trombone<BR> baritone<BR> tuba</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" Valign="Top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For a more complete list of brasses, see <A HREF="instname.htm#brass">Brass instruments</A></FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" Valign="Top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>alphabetical order</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" ColSpan=2><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Plucked</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>harp<BR> guitar<BR> lute<BR> mandolin</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" Valign="Top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For a more complete list of plucked instruments, see <A HREF="instname.htm#pluck">Plucked instruments</A></FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" Valign="Top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>alphabetical order</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" ColSpan=2><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Percussion, electronic,<BR> and <A HREF="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/instr650.htm#other">other</A></FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>drum<BR> celeste<BR> gong<BR> marimba<BR> vibraphone<BR> xylophone</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66"Valign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>"Other" includes bagpipes, bandoneon, carillon, cimbalon, harmonica, hurdy-gurdy, zither, etc. Computer, electronics, synthesizer, and electronic instruments that do not have acoustic equivalents (e.g., ondes Martenot) also fall in this category. <A HREF="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/subinstr.htm#noninstr">Non-musical instruments</A> (e.g., glass music, balloon, etc.) are included here.<BR> <SMALL>For a more complete list, see M145-M175 in Class M. </SMALL> <HR NOSHADE Color="green"> <FONT COLOR="Red"><SMALL><B>Note: <A HREf="#accordion">Accordion</A> </B>and<B> <A HREF="#celesta">celesta</A></B> are no longer considered percussion instruments for the purposes of subject headings.</SMALL></FONT> </FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" Valign="Top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>alphabetical order</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" ColSpan=2><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Bowed strings</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>violin<BR> viola<BR> <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A><BR> double bass</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" Valign="Top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For a more complete list of strings, see <A HREF="instname.htm#string">Stringed instruments</A></FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" Valign="Top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><I><B><FONT Color="red">score</FONT></B></I> order: <BR> violin, viola, violoncello, double bass</FONT><BR> </FONT> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1>Note: based on LC practice, the order of modern and early bowed string instruments is:<BR> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><B>&#187;</B></FONT> violin, lyra viol, viol, viola d'amore, viola, viola da gamba, violoncello, violone, double bass<BR> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><B>&#187;</B></FONT> pardessus de viole precedes viola d'amore<BR> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><B>&#187;</B></FONT> viola d'amore precedes viola da gamba<BR> <FONT COLOR="#ff0000"><B>&#187;</B></FONT> baryton is placed inconsistently in LC practice</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" ColSpan=3><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>unspecified</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66">&nbsp;</TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66">&nbsp;</TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" ColSpan=3><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>continuo</FONT></TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66">&nbsp;</TD> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66">&nbsp;</TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" ColSpan=5><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A NAME="accordion">Accordion</A></B> and <B><A NAME="celesta">celesta</A></B> previously were considered to be a percussion instrument. The Library of Congress Cataloging Policy and Support Office <A HREF="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/wls04/awls0413.html">Weekly subject heading list 13 (March 31, 2004)</A> reported the change in order of accordion in sh85-94021 and <A HREf="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/wls04/awls0417.html">Weekly subject heading list 17 (April 28, 2004)</A> announced the change in the subject authority record for celesta (sh85-21624) from "classified as a metallophone" to "regarded by New Grove as a keyboard instrument" and "played by the pianist."</FONT></TD> </TR> <TD BGColor="#FFCC66" ColSpan=5 VAlign="top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A NAME="cello">Violoncello</A></B> On 2/21/13, The Library of Congress Policy and Standards Division announced that they will revise subject headings that include the word "violoncello" and "violoncellos" to "cello" and "cellos" and its derivities (e.g., Violoncello makers, Violoncellists) to reflect RDA's preference for the word "cello."</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Headings for two instruments use "and" to connect the names of the instruments:<BR> 650 0 Suites (Flute <FONT COLOR="Red"><B>and</B></FONT> violin)<BR> 650 0 Rondos (Violin <FONT COLOR="Red"><B>and</B></FONT> <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) <BR> <BR> Headings for three or more instruments are given in the correct order, without the word "and":<BR> 650 0 Suites (Piano, flute, violin)<BR> 650 0 Rondos (Bassoon, clarinet, flute, horn, oboe)<BR> 650 0 Canons, fugues, etc. (Violin, viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) <BR> <BR> When there are two or more of one instrument, it is given in the plural and qualified by the number in parentheses:<BR> 650 0 Suites (Horn, trombone, trumpets (2), tuba)<BR> 650 0 Rondos (<A HREf="#cello">Violoncellos</A> (4))<BR> 650 0 Canons, fugues, etc. (Bassoons (8))<BR> 650 0 Sonatas (Unspecified instruments (2)) <BR> <BR> Headings for works for two instruments in which the keyboard instrument plays a chordal role (such as sonatas) or functions as the accompaniment, the keyboard instrument is given second, even though it is first on the list of instrumentation:<BR> 650 0 Sonatas (Flute and piano)</FONT> <P> <HR NOSHADE Color="blue"> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B> <A NAME="medperf"> Medium of performance headings</A></B></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Medium of performance headings are assigned to works that are not composed in a specific form of composition or in a form of composition not in LCSH (e.g., Polonaises, Fantasies, Preludes) or when the form heading in LCSH (e.g., Toccatas, Pavans, Galliards) is not to be qualified by medium of performance. Medium of performance headings for chamber music will usually include the names of the instruments or name of instrument families. </FONT> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A NAME="formname"> Form of the name of instruments in subject headings</A></B></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Use "and" to connect the names of two solo instruments.<BR> Use commas and no connecting word to connect the names of three or more solo instruments.<BR> Use "with" preceding the name of a solo instrument or instrumental ensemble used as accompaniment.<BR> <BR> The key of the instrument is not included in the subject heading. Use "clarinet" not "Bb clarinet"; "trumpet" not "C trumpet", etc.<BR> <BR> Instruments with indication of range (alto, tenor, bass, etc.) have different treatment in subject headings.</FONT> <P> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Instruments such as alto clarinet, tenor trombone, and bass recorder are always assigned the generic terms "clarinet," "trombone," and "recorder."</FONT> <P> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Subject headings for some instruments include the indication of range in certain cases while headings for other instruments always include the indication of range. To determine whether to include designation of range, search for the authority record for the instrument followed by "music," e.g., Bass clarinet music. A 680 field will tell you how to use the term:</FONT> <P> <UL> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> include the indication of range in certain cases</FONT> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>680&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The term "[alto, tenor, bass, etc.] [<U>name of instrument</U>]" is used as a medium of performance in headings for works for one or two solo instruments. In headings for other works that include "[alto, tenor, bass, etc.] [<U>name of instrument</U>]", the generic term "[<U>name of instrument</U>]" is used as the medium of performance.</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><A NAME="bassclar">bass clarinet</A>, alto flute, bass trombone, contrabass clarinet</B>, etc.: the term "bass clarinet" is used only in subject headings for works for one or two solo instruments. For headings for works for three or more instruments, the generic term "clarinet" is used.</FONT> <P> <LI> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> always include the indication of range</FONT> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>680&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Here are entered compositions not in a specific form or of a specific type for solo [alto, tenor, bass, etc.] [<U>name of instrument</U>], and collections of compositions in several forms or types for [alto, tenor, bass, etc.] [<U>name of instrument</U>].</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>contrabassoon, alto horn</B>, etc.: all subject headings for works including these instruments include the full name of the instrument, not the generic form, e.g.,: Brass quintets (<B>Alto</B> horn, baritone, cornets (2), tuba)</FONT> </UL> </UL> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Subject authority records have been created for many, but not all, medium of performance subject headings. This is does not mean that only those headings with authority records are valid for use. However, the name of the instrument(s) and ensemble must have been established. For example, the following subject headings: "Piccolo and saxophone music" and "<A HREf="#cello">Violoncello</A> with percussion ensemble" have not been established. They are valid subject headings because "piccolo," "saxophone," and "<A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>" have all been established in subject heading records, as has "percussion ensembles." Note that the latter is in plural form in the subject authority record; it is used in the singular when it is an accompanying ensemble.</FONT> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A NAME="formmed"> Examples of form and medium of performance subject headings</A></B></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREF="#onetwo"><B>one to two</B></A> instruments: <A HREF="#onetwolike">like</A> instruments || <A HREF="#onetwodiff">different</A> instruments || <A HREF="#onetwochord">one chordal and one other</A><BR> <A HREF="#threenine"><B>three to nine</B></A> instruments in <A HREF="#threeninestand">standard chamber</A> combinations || <A HREF="#threenineother">other chamber</A> combinations: number of instruments: <A HREF="#three">three</A> || <A HREF="#four">four</A> || <A HREF="#five">five</A> || <A HREF="#six">six</A> || <A HREF="#seven">seven</A> || <A HREF="#eight">eight</A> || <A HREF="#nine">nine</A><BR> <A HREF="#tenmore"><B>Ten or more</B></A> instruments: <A HREF="#tenmoreone">one to a part</A> || <A HREF="#tenmoretwo">two or more to a part</A><BR> <A HREF="#ensemb">Large ensembles</A>: <A HREF="#bandorch">Band or orchestra</A> || <A HREF="#solowithens">One or more instruments accompanied by large ensemble</A></FONT> <P> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><FONT Color="blue"><A NAME="onetwo">One to Two Instruments</A></FONT></B></FONT> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1>(See also <A HREF="#percussion">Percussion music</A>)</FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><A NAME="onetwolike">One to two</A> <I>like</I> instruments</B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Unaccompanied works for solo instruments: the qualifier ", Unaccompanied" is not added to headings for instrumental music. It is added only to <A HREF="subvocal.htm#unaccompanied">certain vocal subject headings</A></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>one</B> instrument, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name of the instrument:</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Sonatas (Piano) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Violin)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>one</B> instrument, use the medium of performance as the subject heading followed by "music":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano music <HR NOSHADE color="#FFCC66"> Violin music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>two of the same</B> instrument, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name of the instrument:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Sonatas (Pianos (2)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Violins (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>two of the same</B> instrument, use the medium of performance as the subject heading followed by "music" and qualified to indicate two of the instruments:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano music (Pianos (2)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Violin music (Violins (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>A work <B><I>not</I></B> of a specific type for <B>two pianos</B> being performed by <B>one</B> person is assigned the subject heading:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Piano music (Pianos (2), 1 performer)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="onetwodiff"><B>Two <I>different</I> instruments</B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>two different</B> instruments, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the names of the instruments. The names of the instruments will be connected by the word "and":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Flute and oboe) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Horn and viola)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>two different</B> instruments, use the medium of performance as the subject heading. The names of the instruments will be connected by the word "and" and followed by "music":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Flute and oboe music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Horn and viola music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="onetwochord"><B>One chordal instrument and one other instrument</B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type and the keyboard/plectral instrument <B>plays a chordal role</B>, use the subject heading for that type and name the keyboard/plectral instrument second:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Sonatas (Flute and piano) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Violin and harp)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type and the keyboard/plectral instrument <B>plays a chordal role</B>, use the medium of performance as the subject heading. The names of the instruments will be connected by the word "and", with the keyboard/plectral instrument named second:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Flute and piano music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Horn and piano music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="threenine"><B><FONT Color="blue">Three to Nine Instruments</FONT></B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="threeninestand"><B>Standard chamber combinations</B></A><BR>(For a list of standard chamber combinations, see <A HREF="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/utshcomp.htm#standard">standard chamber combinations for uniform titles and subject headings</A>)</FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For the following standard chamber combinations, use the subject headings in the right-hand column when the work <B>is not a specific type of composition</B>. Do not specify instruments when the ensemble is a standard chamber ensemble. Woodwind quartets and Wind quintets do not fall into this category for subject headings as they do for uniform titles.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano, violin, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A> <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Piano, violin, viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A> <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Piano, 2 violins, viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A> <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> violin, viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A> <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> 2 violins, viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A></FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano trios <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Piano quartets <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Piano quintets <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> String trios <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> String quartets</FONT></TD> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>When the work <B>is a specific type of composition</B> <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT>, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the medium of performance, using the terms from the right-hand column above in the <B><I>singular</I></B> form:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Piano trio) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Piano quartet) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Variations (String trio)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Standard chamber combination functioning as accompanying ensemble</FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>The names of standard chamber combination are <I>not</I> used when the group is an accompanying ensemble. For example, a subject heading with medium of performance for a work with string quartet accompaniment would include "with string ensemble" <I> not</I> "with string quartet." The scope note in the subject authority record for String ensembles (sh 85129012) is:<BR> "When used for an accompanying ensemble in headings with medium of performance, the term "string ensemble" stands for two or more bowed stringed instruments."<BR> <BR> Similarly, "with instrumental ensemble" is used in headings with medium of performance when the accompaniment is for two or more solo instruments belonging to different families. A subject heading with medium of performance for a work with piano trio accompaniment would include "with instrumental ensemble" <I>not</I> "with piano trio." </FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="threenineother"><B>Other chamber combinations</B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>The following combinations of three to nine instruments are not standard chamber combinations. Specify the name and number when applicable of each instrument in the subject heading. The <A HREF="#numbperc">number of percussion instruments</A> is not specified. See also <A HREf="#chamberpiano1hand">One performer playing one piano, 1 hand with two to eight other instruments</A></FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="three"><FONT Color="blue"><B>Three instruments</B></FONT></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>three</B> instruments, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name(s) and number of the instruments:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Flutes (3)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Horns (2), oboe)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>three of the same</B> instruments, use "trios" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instrument and the number:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String trios (Violins (3)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Woodwind trios (Oboes (3))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>three different instruments from the <I>same</I> family</B>, use "trios" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String trios (Violins (2), viola) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Wind trios (Oboes (2), trumpet)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>three different instruments from <I>different</I> families</B>, use "Trios" as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Trios (Flute, violin, viola) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Trios (Piano, horns (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="four"><FONT Color="blue"><B>Four instruments</B></FONT></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>four</B> instruments, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name(s) and number of the instruments:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Flutes (4)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Flute, horns (2), violin)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>four of the same</B> instruments, use "quartets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instrument and the number:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String quartets (Violins (4)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Brass quartets (Horns (4))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>four different instruments from the <I>same</I> family</B>, use "quartets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String quartets (Violins (2), violas (2)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Wind quartets (Oboes (3), trumpet)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>four different instruments from <I>different</I> families</B>, use "Quartets" as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Quartets (Flute, oboe, violin, viola) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Quartets (Piano, horns (2), violin)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="five"><FONT Color="blue"><B>Five instruments</B></FONT></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>five</B> instruments, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name(s) and number of the instruments:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Flutes (5)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Horns (3), oboes (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>five of the same</B> instruments, use "quintets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instrument and the number:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String quintets (Violins (5)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Woodwind quintets (Oboes (5))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>five different instruments from the <I>same</I> family</B>, use "quintets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String quintets (Violins (3), viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Woodwind quintets (Bassoons (2), flute, oboes (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>five different instruments from <I>different</I> families</B>, use "Quintets" as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Quintets (Flute, oboe, trumpet, violin, viola) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Quintets (Piano, horns (2), violas (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="six"><FONT Color="blue"><B>Six instruments</B></FONT></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>six</B> instruments, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name(s) and number of the instruments:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Flutes (6)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Horns (4), oboes (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>six of the same</B> instruments, use "sextets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instrument and the number:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String sextets (Violins (6)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Woodwind sextets (Oboes (6))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>six different instruments from the <I>same</I> family</B>, use "sextets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String sextets (Violins (3), violas (2), <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Brass sextets (Horns (2), trombones (2), trumpet)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>six different instruments from <I>different</I> families</B>, use "Sextets" as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Sextets (Bassoon, flute, oboe, trumpet, violin, viola) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Sextets (Piano, flute, horns (2), violas (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="seven"><FONT Color="blue"><B>Seven instruments</B></FONT></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>seven</B> instruments, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name(s) and number of the instruments:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Flutes (7)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Horns (2), oboes (2), violins (3))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>seven of the same</B> instruments, use "septets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instrument and the number:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String septets (Violins (7)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Brass septets (Horns (7))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>seven different instruments from the <I>same</I> family</B>, use "septets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String septets (Violins (3), viola (2), <A HREf="#cello">violoncellos</A> (2)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Wind septets (Horns (4), oboes (2), trumpets)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>seven different instruments from <I>different</I> families</B>, use "Septets" as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each <FONT Color="red">(except for <A HREF="#percussion">percussion</A>)</FONT>:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Septets (Flute, oboes (2), trumpet, violin, violas (2)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Septets (Piano, clarinet, horns (2), <A HREF="#percussion">percussion</A>, violas (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="eight"><FONT Color="blue"><B>Eight instruments</B></FONT></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>eight</B> instruments, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name(s) and number of the instruments:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Flutes (8)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Horns (2), oboes (2), violins (2), violas (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>eight of the same</B> instruments, use "octets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instrument and the number:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String octets (Violins (8)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Plucked instrument octets (Guitars (8))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>eight different instruments from the <I>same</I> family</B>, use "octets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String octets (Violins (4), viola (2), <A HREf="#cello">violoncellos</A> (2)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Wind octets (Flutes (2), horns (4), oboes (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>eight different instruments from <I>different</I> families</B>, use "Octets" as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each <FONT Color="red">(except for <A HREF="#percussion">percussion</A>)</FONT>:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Octets (Flute, oboes (2), <A HREF="#percussion">percussion</A>, violins (2), viola) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Octets (Piano, clarinet, flute, oboe, horn, tuba, violin, viola)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="nine"><FONT Color="blue"><B>Nine instruments</B></FONT></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>nine</B> instruments, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name(s) and number of the instruments:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Flutes (9)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Flutes (2), horns (2), oboes (2), violins (2), violas (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>nine of the same</B> instruments, use "nonets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instrument and the number:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String nonets (Violins (9)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Woodwind nonets (Oboes (9))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>nine different instruments from the <I>same</I> family</B>, use "nonets" preceded by the instrument family name as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>String nonets (Violins (3), viola (3), <A HREf="#cello">violoncellos</A> (3)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Brass nonets (Baritones (2), horns (4), trumpets (3))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>nine different instruments from <I>different</I> families</B>, use "Nonets" as the subject heading. Name the instruments and the number of each:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Nonets (Flutes (2), oboes (2), trumpet, violins (2), violas (2)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Nonets (Piano, bassoon, clarinet, flute, oboe, horn, tuba, violin, viola)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="tenmore"> <B><FONT Color="blue">Ten or More Instruments</FONT></B></A> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="tenmoreone"><B>One to a part</B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Ensembles of ten or more <I>solo</I> instruments are given a term to describe the group of instruments, followed by "ensembles." The specific instrumentation is not designated.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>ten or more of the <I>same</I> solo</B> instrument, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the descriptive term for the ensemble followed by "ensemble":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Flute ensemble) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Violin ensemble)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>ten or more <I>different</I> solo instruments from the <I>same</I> family</B>, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the descriptive term for the ensemble followed by "ensemble":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Brass ensemble) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Woodwind ensemble)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>ten or more of the <I>same</I> solo</B> instrument, use the descriptive term for the ensemble followed by "ensembles":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Flute ensembles <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Violin ensembles</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>ten or more <I>different</I> solo instruments from the <I>same</I> family</B>, use the descriptive term for the ensemble followed by "ensembles":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Wind ensembles <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> String ensembles</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>ten or more <I>different</I> solo instruments from the <I>different</I> families</B>, use the descriptive term for the ensemble followed by "ensembles":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Instrumental ensemble) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Instrumental ensemble)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>ten or more <I>different</I> solo instruments from the <I>different</I> families</B>, use the subject heading "Instrumental ensembles":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Instrumental ensembles</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="tenmoretwo"><B>Two or more to a part</B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Ensembles of ten or more of the <B><I>same</I></B> instruments, <B>two or more</B> to a part, are given the name of the instrument, followed by "choirs." <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> For ensembles ten or more <B><I>different</I></B> instruments, <B>two or more</B> to a part, follow the instructions for <A HREF="#tenmoreone">ten or more instruments, one to a part</A>.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>ten or more of the <I>same</I> non-solo</B> instrument, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the descriptive term for the ensemble followed by "choir":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Flute choir) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Violin choir)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>ten or more of the <I>same</I> non-solo</B> instrument, use the name of the instrument followed by "choir music":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Clarinet choir music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Violin choir music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="ensemb"><B><FONT Color="blue">Large ensembles</FONT></B></A> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><A NAME="bandorch"><B>Band or orchestra</B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for a large ensemble, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name of the ensemble. Note that orchestra is the implied medium of performance for "Symphonies"; it is not qualified unless it is for another medium of performance:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Orchestra) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Suites (Band) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Symphonies <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Symphonies (String orchestra)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for a large ensemble, use the medium of performance followed by "music":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Brass band music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Orchestral music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> String orchestra music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="solowithens"><B>One or more instruments accompanied by large ensemble</B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Concertos<A HREF="#concerto"><SUP><BIG><FONT COLOR="red">*</FONT></BIG></SUP></A> and concertinos accompanied by orchestra</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a <B><I>concerto or concertino</I></B> for one or more solo instruments with <B>accompaniment of orchestra</B>, use "Concertos," qualified by the name(s) and number of the solo instrument(s). Orchestral accompaniment is not indicated:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Concertos (Violin) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Concertos (Pianos (2)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Concertos (Violin and viola) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Concertos (Percussion)<BR> (<SMALL>The word "percussion" may stand for any number of percussionists. See <A HREF="#percmusic">Percussion music</A></SMALL>)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a <B>concerto or concertino</B> for a <A HREF="#threeninestand">standard chamber</A> combination with <B>accompaniment of orchestra</B>, use "Concertos," qualified by the name of the standard chamber ensemble. Orchestral accompaniment is not indicated:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Concertos (Piano trio) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Concertos (String quartet)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Concertos and concertinos accompanied with accompaniment <I>other than</I> orchestra</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a <B><I>concerto or concertino</I></B> for one or more solo instruments with <B>accompaniment other than orchestra</B>, use "Concertos," qualified by the name(s) and number of the solo instrument(s), followed by "with" and the accompaniment:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Concertos (Violin with string orchestra) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Concertos (Trombone and trumpet with brass band) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Concertos (Piano with clarinet choir) </FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a <B>concerto or concertino</B> for a <A HREF="#threeninestand">standard chamber</A> combination with <B>accompaniment other than orchestra</B>, use "Concertos," qualified by the name of the standard chamber ensemble, followed by "with" and the accompaniment:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Concertos (Piano quartet with string orchestra) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Concertos (String quartet with band)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Works in forms <I>other than</I> concertos and concertinos</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <B><I>other than</I> concerto or concertino</B> for one or more solo instrument accompanied by large ensemble, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name(s) and number of the solo instrument(s), followed by "with" and the accompaniment:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Variations (Piano with orchestra) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Potpourris (Violin with chamber orchestra) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Rondos (Flute with flute choir) </FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <B><I>other than</I> a concerto or concertino</B> for a <A HREF="#threeninestand">standard chamber</A> combination with accompaniment of large ensemble, use the subject heading for that type, the name of that standard chamber ensemble, followed by "with" and the accompaniment:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Canons, fugues, etc. (String trio with string orchestra) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Variations (String quartet with string orchestra)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Works not in a specific form</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for one or more solo instrument accompanied by large ensemble, use the name(s) of the solo instrument(s), qualified by number if applicable, and subject heading for that type, qualified by the name(s) and number of the solo instrument(s) followed by "with" and the accompaniment:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Pianos (2) with orchestra<BR> Horns (4) with chamber orchestra<BR> Violin and viola with string orchestra<BR> Violin, viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>, double bass with string orchestra<BR> Bass trombone with trombone choir</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for a <A HREF="#threeninestand">standard chamber</A> combination accompanied by a large ensemble, use the subject heading for that type, the name of that standard chamber ensemble:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano quintet with string orchestra. <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> String quartet with orchestra</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="concerto"><SUP><BIG><FONT COLOR="red">*</FONT></BIG></SUP></A>H 1917.5, 5e: "Concerto headings are not assigned to chamber music, where there is one player to a part, even if the composer has used the term "concerto"."<BR> <BR> The name of the accompanying ensemble:<BR> H 1917.5 10. b.: "accompanying instruments are indicated by the appropriate term for the type of ensemble." (e.g.: "... with woodwind ensemble")<BR> <BR> H1917.5 4.b.(5) on p.9  Non keyboard accompaniment. When indicating non-keyboard accompaniment (accompaniment follows the connecting word with &amp; ) in both instrumental and vocal headings,  ensemble usually stands for 2 more instruments.<BR> <BR> H 1917.5 4.a.(2) (a) on p. 7  Ensembles of different instruments</FONT> <P> <HR NOSHADE Color="blue"> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A NAME="keyboard">Keyboard</A> (harpsichord, piano, organ, etc.) music</B></FONT> </CENTER> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Music for one or more performers, 1 or more hands, 1 or more piano(s):</B></FONT> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> One performer: <A HREF="#11">1 piano</A> | <A HREF="#12">2 pianos</A> || Two or more performers: <A HREF="#21">1 piano</A> <BR> Two performers: <A HREF="#22">2 pianos</A> || Three or more performers: <A HREF="#32">2 pianos</A> | <A HREF="#33">3 or more pianos</A><BR> <A HREF="#prepared">Prepared piano music</A></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> The subject heading "Piano music" can be qualified by number of hands when other than 2 hands.<BR> The default (no indication of number of hands) is 2 hands per performer:<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Piano music = for 2 hands<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Piano music (Pianos (2)) = for 2 performers on two pianos<BR> Otherwise, the number of hands is indicated<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Piano music (1 hand)<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Piano music (3 hands)<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Piano music (4 hands) = for 2 performers on one piano<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Piano music (6 hands)<BR> </FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="11"><B><FONT Color="blue">One performer, 1 piano</FONT></B></A> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGColor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>One performer playing <I>one</I> piano, <I>2 hands</I></B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>one</B> performer playing <B>one</B> piano, <B>2 hands</B>, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "piano":</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Suites (Piano) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Sonatas (Piano)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>one</B> performer playing <B>one</B> piano, <B>2 hands</B>, use the medium of performance "Piano" as the subject heading followed by "music":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGColor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>One performer playing <I>one</I> piano, <I>1 hand</I></B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>one</B> performer playing <B>one</B> piano, <B>1 hand</B>, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "piano, 1 hand":</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Suites (Piano, 1 hand) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Sonatas (Piano, 1 hand)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>one</B> performer playing <B>one</B> piano, <B>1 hand</B>, use the medium of performance "Piano" as the subject heading followed by "music (1 hand)":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano music (1 hand)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><A NAME="chamberpiano1hand">One</A> performer playing <I>one</I> piano, <I>1 hand</I> with two to eight other instruments</B> </FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For chamber works requiring piano, 1 hand (one performer) and other instruments, use "piano (1 hand)":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Quintets (<B>Piano (1 hand)</B>, violins (2), viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>)<BR> Suites (<B>Piano (1 hand)</B>, violins (2), <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) </FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="12"><B><FONT Color="blue">One performer, 2 pianos</FONT></B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>one</B> performer playing <B>two</B> pianos, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "Pianos (2), 1 performer":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=TopWidth="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Concertos (Pianos (2), 1 performer)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>one</B> performer playing <B>two</B> pianos, use the medium of performance "Piano" as the subject heading followed by "music (Pianos (2), 1 performer)":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano music (Pianos (2), 1 performer)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="21"><B><FONT Color="blue">Two or more performers, 1 piano</FONT></B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Two or more performers playing <I>one</I> piano, <I>3 or more hands</I></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>two or more</B> performers playing <B>one</B> piano, <B>3 or more hands</B>, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "Piano, <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> hands":</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Suites (Piano, 4 hands) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Sonatas (Piano, 3 hands)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>one</B> performers playing <B>one</B> piano, <B>3 or more hands</B>, use the medium of performance "Piano" as the subject heading followed by "music (<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> hands)":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano music (3 hands) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Piano music (8 hands)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="22"><B><FONT Color="blue">Two performers, 2 pianos</FONT></B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Two performers playing <I>two</I> pianos, <I>1 hand each</I></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>two </B> performers playing <B>two</B> pianos, <B>1 hand each</B>, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "Pianos (2), 1 hand each":</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Concertos (Pianos (2), 1 hand each)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>two</B> performers playing <B>two</B> pianos, <B>4 hands</B>, use the medium of performance "Piano" as the subject heading followed by "music (Pianos (2), 1 hand each)":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano music (Pianos (2), 1 hand each)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Two performers playing <I>two</I> pianos, <I>4 hands</I></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>two </B> performers playing <B>two</B> pianos, <B>4 hands</B>, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "Pianos (2)":</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Suites (Pianos (2)) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Sonatas (Pianos (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>two</B> performers playing <B>two</B> pianos, <B>4 hands</B>, use the medium of performance "Piano" as the subject heading followed by "music (Pianos (2))":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano music (Pianos (2))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Two performers playing <I>two</I> pianos, <I>3 hands</I></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>two </B> performers playing <B>two</B> pianos, <B>3 hands</B>, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "Pianos (2), 3 hands":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Concertos (Pianos (2), 3 hands)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>two</B> performers playing <B>two</B> pianos, <B>3 hands</B>, use the medium of performance "Piano" as the subject heading followed by "music (Pianos (2), 3 hands)":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano music (Pianos (2), 3 hands)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="32"><B><FONT Color="blue">Three or more performers, 2 pianos</FONT></B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>three or more</B> performers playing <B>two</B> pianos, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "Pianos (2), <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> hands":</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Suites (Pianos (2), 6 hands) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Rondos (Pianos (2), 8 hands)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>two or more </B>performers playing <B>two</B> pianos, use the medium of performance "Piano" as the subject heading followed by "music (Pianos (2), <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> hands)":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano music (Pianos (2), 8 hands) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Piano music (Pianos (2), 5 hands)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="33"><B><FONT Color="blue">Three or more performers, 3 or more pianos</FONT></B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>three or more</B> performers playing <B>three or more </B>pianos, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "Piano ensemble":</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Suites (Piano ensemble) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Variations (Piano ensemble)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>three or more </B>performers playing <B>three or more </B>pianos, use the medium of performance "Piano ensembles" as the subject heading:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano ensembles</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="prepared"><B><FONT Color="blue">Prepared piano music</FONT></B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> "Prepared piano" refers to a piano whose sound has been altered by attaching objects such as clips, paper, rubber, or felt to the strings; mis-tuning the unison strings; etc.</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> The subject heading "Prepared piano music" can be qualified by number of hands when other than 2 hands.<BR> The default (no indication of number of hands) is 2 hands per performer:<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepared piano music = for 2 hands<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepared piano music (Prepared pianos (2)) = for 2 performers on two prepared pianos<BR> Otherwise, the number of hands is indicated<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepared piano music (1 hand)<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepared piano music (3 hands)</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <HR NOSHADE Color="blue"> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A NAME="percussion">Per</A><A NAME="percmusic">cuss</A>ion music</B></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Music for percussion instruments is treated differently in LCSH. According to the scope in the subject authority record for "Percussion music," the heading "The word 'percussion' may stand for any number of percussionists when used as a medium of performance or as accompaniment ... e.g., Concertos (Percussion); Percussion with orchestra; Songs with percussion"<BR> <BR> There are different subject headings for works requiring one percussionist playing one instrument, one percussionist playing two or more instruments, and two or more percussionists, each playing one or more instruments. Subject headings for works including <A HREF="#numbperc">percussion and non-percussion</A> instruments follow a different practice than that explained above (see <A HREF="#moreoneinst">works for more than one instrument</A>).</FONT> <P ALIGN=Center> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Music for 1 or more performers playing 1 or more percussion instrument:</B></FONT><BR> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A HREF="#1p">One percussionist</A>: <A HREf="#1p1">1 instrument</A> | <A HREF="#1p2">2 or more instruments</A><BR> <A HREF="#2p">Two or more percussionists</A>: one instrument || two or more instruments<BR> <A HREf="#numbperc">Indicating number of percussion instruments</A></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="1p"><B><FONT Color="blue">One percussionist</FONT></B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="1p1"><B>One percussionist playing <I>one</I> instrument</B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>one</B> percussionist playing <B>one</B> percussion instrument, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the name of the instrument:</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Suites (Marimba) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Sonatas (Timpani)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>one</B> percussionist playing <B>one</B> percussion instrument, use the name of the instrument as a medium of performance heading as the subject heading followed by "music":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Snare drum music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Xylophone music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Music for <B>one</B> percussionist playing <B>one</B> <I><FONT Color="red">unspecified</FONT></I> solo percussion instrument and for collections of compositions for <I><FONT Color="red">several different</FONT></I> solo percussion instruments:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Percussion instrument music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Chimes vs. tubular bells: "Chimes" is a generic subject heading; "Tubular bells" is a specific kind of chimes. Both are subject headings. The former term is used when no specific kind of chimes is indicated. When tubular bells are specified, use "tubular bells."<BR> <SMALL>Source: e-mail from G. Ostrove, CPSO, Nov. 21, 2005</SMALL> </FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="1p2"><B>One percussionist playing <I>two or more</I> instruments</B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>one</B> percussionist playing two or more percussion instruments, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the "percussion":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Rondos (Percussion) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Sonatas (Percussion)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>one</B> percussionist playing two or more percussion instruments, use the medium of performance "Percussion" as the subject heading followed by "music":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Percussion music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="2p"><B><FONT Color="blue">Two or more percussionists</FONT></B></A></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><I>Two</I> percussionists playing <B><I>one</I></B> instrument</B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for <B>two percussionists</B> playing <B>one</B> instrument, use the subject heading for that type, qualified the name of the instrument followed by "(<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> hands)":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Sonatas (Marimba, 4 hands)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>two percussionists</B> playing <B>one</B> instruments, use the medium of performance followed by "music (<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> hands)":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Marimba music (4 hands)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B><I>Two or more </I>percussionists, each playing <I><B>one</B> or more</I> instruments</B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type <FONT Color="red">(with the exception of <A HREF="#sonatas">sonatas</A>)</FONT> for <B>two or more percussionists</B>, each playing <B>one or more</B> instruments, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "Percussion ensemble":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Suites (Percussion ensemble) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> <A HREF="#sonatas">Sonatas</A> (Percussion ensemble)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for <B>two or more percussionists</B>, each playing <B>one or more</B> instruments, use the subject heading "Percussion ensembles":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Percussion ensembles</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <A NAME="numbperc"><B>Indicating number of percussion instruments</B></A></FONT> <P> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>In subject headings for chamber combinations that include percussion, the number of percussion instruments is not indicated</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>In this subject heading there is only <B>one</B> percussionist: &nbsp; &nbsp; Quintets (Percussion, violins (2), viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> In this subject heading there are <B>three</B> percussionists:&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Quartets (Percussion, viola)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>a sonata for flute and marimba <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> a sonata for flute and one percussionist playing two or more instruments</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Sonatas (Flute and marimba) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Sonatas (Flute and percussion)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>a quintet for string quartet and marimba <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> a quintet for flute, <A HREF="#bassclar">bass clarinet</A>, tubular bells, violin, and cello <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> a quintet for string quartet and <B>one </B>percussionist playing <B>two or more</B> instruments <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> a quintet for violin, viola, cello, and 2 marimbas <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> a quintet for violin, viola, cello, and <B>two</B> percussionists playing <B>two or more</B> <BR> instruments <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> a quintet for violin, viola, cello, and <B>two</B> percussionists, one playing timpani, <BR> the other playing marimba</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Quintets (Marimba, violins (2), viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Quintets (Clarinet, flute, tubular bells, violin, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Quintets (Percussion, violins (2), viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Quintets (Marimbas (2), violin, viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Quintets (Percussion, violin, viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) <BR> <BR> <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Quintets (Marimba, timpani, violin, viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>)</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <HR NOSHADE Color="blue"> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A NAME="noninstr">Music</A> using non-musical instruments as instruments</B></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>The heading "Sound effects music" for music produced by means of various objects or devices not normally regarded as musical instruments.<BR><BR> See <A HREF="https://www.areditions.com/mcb/vol-44-2013/MCB%202013-01.html#questions">MCB, vol. 44, no. 1</A> for a discussion of establishing subject headings for natural objects such as leaves, tree branches, sand, rocks, water, etc., taken "out of the wild" and used as musical instruments.<BR> <BR> </FONT> <P> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Music for solo non-musical instrument</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is not a specific type for a specific non-musical instrument, use the subject heading for that medium, followed by "music":</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Glass music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Leaf music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Duets with one non-musical instrument and one traditional instrument or soloist</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For works <I><B>not</B></I> of a specific type for one non-musical instrument and one traditional instrument or soloist use the names of both followed by "music" following <A HREF="instr650.htm">the order of instruments in subject headings</A>.</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Balloon and electronic music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Radio receiver and piano music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Works for one non-musical instrument and two or more traditional instruments or soloists</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For works <I><B>not</B></I> of a specific type for one non-musical instrument and two or more traditional instruments or soloists, use a form heading qualified by the names of the instruments following <A HREF="instr650.htm">the order of instruments in subject headings</A>.</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Trios (Electronics, sound effects) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Septets (Piano, clarinet, flute, radio receiver, xylorimba, violin, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Works for one non-musical instrument and accompanying ensemble</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For works of a specific type for one non-musical instrument and accompanying ensemble, use the subject heading for that type qualified by the names of the non-traditional instrument. When the type is "concerto," specify the accompanying ensemble only with it is <I>not</I> orchestra:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Concertos (Cellular telephone)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Works for two or more non-musical instruments of the same kind</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For works either of a specific type for two or more non-musical instruments of the same kind, use the name of the instrument in the plural, qualified by number:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Overtures (Tin cans (4))</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Works for two or more different non-musical instruments</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For works <I><B>not</B></I> of a specific type for two or more different non-musical instruments, use the heading "Sound effects music":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Sound effects music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Works for soloist and two or more non-musical instruments as accompaniment</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Use "sound effects" as the name of the accompaniment:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Songs (High voice) with sound effects </FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <HR NOSHADE Color="blue"> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A NAME="electronic">Those darn electronic music headings!</A></B> </FONT> </CENTER> <BR> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Usual LC practice for pieces with tape is to treat "electronics" as an instrument. For a work for 4 percussionists and tape, the heading would be Quintets (Electronics, percussion) and the class would be M585. Since "electronics" appears in the Quintets heading, there is no need to add the second heading Electronic music. Current practice is to add Electronic music as a second heading only when the electronic element is not brought out in the main form/genre heading.<BR> <SMALL>Source: very slightly modified from a message from Joe Bartl, LC, posted June 27, 2012, on MOUG-L</SMALL> </FONT><P> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Solo electronic music</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type for electronics, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "Electronics" enclosed in parenthesis:</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Suites (Electronics) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Canons, fugues, etc. (Electronics)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type for electronics, use "Electronic music" as the heading:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign="top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Electronic music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Duets with one traditional instrument or soloist</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For works either of a specific type or <I><B>not</B></I> of a specific type for electronics and one traditional instrument or soloist use "<U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> and electronic music" or "Electronic and <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> music," following <A HREF="instr650.htm">the order of instruments in subject headings</A>.</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Flute and electronic music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Electronic and percussion music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Works for electronics and chordal instrument</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For works <I><B>not</B></I> of a specific type for electronics and one chordal instrument the name of the chordal instrument followed by "and electronic music":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Harpsichord and electronic music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Organ and electronic music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Piano and electronic music</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Works for electronics and two or more other instruments</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Following <A HREF="instr650.htm">the order of instruments in subject headings</A>, use "electronics":</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by the names of the instruments:</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Canons, fugues, etc. (Electronics, violin, viola, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type, use a form heading qualified by the names of the instruments:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign="top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Trios (Clarinet, flute, electronics) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Octets (Piano, clarinet, flute, harp, electronics, percussion, violin, <A HREf="#cello">violoncello</A>) <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Septets (Electronics, percussion)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">Works for electronics and large ensemble</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Following <A HREF="instr650.htm">the order of instruments in subject headings</A>, use "electronics":</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is a specific type, use the subject heading for that type, qualified by "electronics" enclosed in parenthesis:</FONT></TD> <TD Width="40%" VAlign=Top><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Concertos (Electronics)</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>If the work is <B><I>not</I></B> a specific type, use a medium of performance heading that includes "electronics":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign="top"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Electronics with string orchestra<BR> Recorder and electronics with orchestra<BR> Piano and electronics with orchestra</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD ColSpan=2 BGcolor="#FFCC66"><CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><FONT Color="blue">"Electronics" as an accompanying ensemble</FONT></B></FONT> </CENTER> </TD> </TR> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Use "electronics" as the name of the accompanying ensemble:</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Vocal ensembles with electronics <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Choruses, Secular (Mixed voices) with electronics</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <HR NOSHADE Color="blue"> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A NAME="audience">Music</A> with audience participation</B></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <TABLE Border="0" Width="100%" BGColor="#FF9900"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD Width="60%" VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>For works in which audience members are required to participate, use a subject heading for the non-audience performers and an additional subject heading "Music with audience participation":</FONT></TD> <TD VAlign=Top BGColor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>Piano music <HR NOSHADE Color="#FFCC66"> Music with audience participation</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <HR NOSHADE Color="blue"> <P> <CENTER> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B><A NAME="arrangements">Arrangements</A></B></FONT> </CENTER> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>LCSCM H1160:</B> The qualifier ", Arranged" is added to subject headings for works that have been arranged. When it is added to a subject heading that includes medium of performance, the subject heading will be for the <I>arranged</I> medium of performance. This varies from practice for uniform titles. With a uniform title for a work that has been arranged, and AACR2 Chapter 25 requires that the uniform title include the <I>original</I> medium of performance, followed by ";<IMG SRC="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/delimit.jpg" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11">o arr."<BR> <BR> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1>See comparisons of <A HREF="utshcomp.htm#arrangements">music uniform titles and music subject headings: arrangements</A> and <A HREF="subjunif.htm#arrangements">uniform title/subject heading combinations: arrangements</A> for more information.</FONT> <BR> <BR> <B>When to use and when <U>not</U> to use the qualifier ", Arranged"</B> <BR> <BR> <B>Instrumental music</B><BR> </FONT> <DL COMPACT> <DT> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> 1. the qualifier is free-floating with headings for arrangements when the headings are for instrumental music and the medium of performance of the arrangement is specified. The arranged medium of performance is given in the subject heading:</FONT> <P> <DD> <TABLE Border="0" BGColor="#FF9900" Width="60%"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>650 0 Organ music, Arranged.<BR> 650 0 Suites (Organ), Arranged.<BR> 650 0 Toccatas.</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> It is <I>not</I> added to the subject heading "Toccatas" because that subject heading is not qualified by medium of performance The qualifier is not added to subject headings for instrumental music in which the medium of performance is not given.</FONT> <P> <DT> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> 2. use in subject headings in which medium of performance is not given:</FONT> <P> <DD> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> The qualifier may be used in large instrumental forms, such as:<BR> <BR> </FONT> <TABLE Border="0" BGColor="#FF9900" Width="60%"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>650 0 Incidental music, Arranged.<BR> 650 0 Motion picture music, Arranged.</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <DT> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> The qualifier is <B><I>not</I></B> used: </FONT> <P> <DD> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B>&#176;</B> when the only change in a work for <A HREF="#solowithens">one or more solo instruments accompanied by large ensemble</A> is the reduction of the accompaniment for a keyboard instrument.(</FONT><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1>See the examples "<IMG SRC="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/delimit.jpg" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11">v Solo with <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>" under <A HREF="subjsubd.htm#muspres">Free-floating musical presentation and medium of performance subdivisions</A>.</FONT><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>)</FONT> <P> <DD> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2><B>&#176;</B> with subject headings that generally do not include medium of performance (</FONT><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1>See <A HREF="#formnotqual">Musical form/genre headings that are not qualified by medium of performance</A> above</FONT><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>), such as:<BR> <BR> </FONT> <TABLE Border="0" BGColor="#FF9900" Width="60%"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>650 0 Fanfares.<BR> 650 0 Waltzes.</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> A second subject heading with the arranged medium of performance would be assigned:<BR> <BR> </FONT> <TABLE Border="0" BGColor="#FF9900" Width="60%"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>650 0 Fanfares.<BR> 650 0 Trumpet and piano music, Arranged.</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </DL> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Vocal music</B></FONT><BR> <DL COMPACT> <DT> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> 1. Generally, ", Arranged" is used for instrumental music. However, the qualifier may be used with subject headings for larger vocal forms that do not indicate medium of performance.</FONT> <DD> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Examples:<BR> 650 0 Operas, Arranged.</FONT> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> "<IMG SRC="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/delimit.jpg" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11">v Instrumental settings" is generally used for vocal forms arranged for an instrumental medium:<BR> <BR> </FONT> <TABLE Border="0" BGColor="#FF9900" Width="60%"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>650 0 Brass octets (Trombones (8)), Arranged <IMG SRC="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/delimit.jpg" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11">v Scores and parts.<BR> 650 0 Madrigals, Italian <IMG SRC="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/delimit.jpg" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11">v Instrumental settings.</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <P> <DT> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> 2. The qualifier ", Arranged" is not added form/genre headings for the following vocal forms:</FONT> <DD> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Forms whose headings are usually qualified by type of chorus</FONT> <DD> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> Works for solo singers or for one singer to a part.</FONT> </DL> <P> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> <B>Other</B></FONT><BR> <DL COMPACT> <DT> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> 1. The qualifier is not used with subject headings for seasons, such as "Christmas music."</FONT> <P> <DT> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2> 2. When only excerpts of a work have been arranged, the qualifier follows the subdivision "<IMG SRC="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/delimit.jpg" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11">v Excerpts"</FONT> <DD> <TABLE Border="0" BGColor="#FF9900" Width="60%"> <TR BGColor="#FFFFFF"> <TD VAlign=Top BGcolor="#FFFFFF"><FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=2>650 0 Symphonies <IMG SRC="http://www.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/delimit.jpg" WIDTH="9" HEIGHT="11">v Excerpts, Arranged.</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </DL> <P> <HR NOSHADE Color="blue"> <FONT FACE="Verdana" Size=1> <A HREF="musicat.htm"><IMG SRC="music3.gif" WIDTH="30" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="Left"></A> Comments to <A HREF="mailto:michelle.koth@yale.edu">Mickey Koth</A> Yale University Music Library<BR> &copy;<A HREF="http://www.library.yale.edu/htmldocs/copyright.html">Yale University Library</A> Last revised February 25, 2013.</FONT> </BODY></HTML>