YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY RESEARCH EDUCATION
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Basic Searching in WorldCat (cont.)
  • Search operators
    • AND
    • OR
    • NOT
    • w
      • The first word followed immediately by the second
      • This is the same as entering the search in quotation marks
      • Example: prison w reform or "prison reform"
    • w[number 1-25]
      • Both words, in the order typed, with the specified number of possible words between them
      • Example: prison w2 reform retrieves "prison reform", "prison inmate reform", and "prison and penitentiary reform"
    • n
      • The first term is next to the second, in either order
      • Example: prison* n reform retrieves "prison reform" or "reforms prisons"
    • n[number 1-25]
      • Both words, in either order, with the specified number of possible words) between them
  • Truncation is
    • use at the end of at least three-character stems
    • + for simple plurals (Example: horse+ for "horse" or "horses"; box+ for "box" or "boxes")
    • * for any number of characters following (Example: hous* for "house", "housing", or "housewife")
  • Wildcards are
    • used within search terms
    • # represents a single character (Example: labo#r for "labor" or "labour")
    • ? represents zero or any number of additional characters
    • ?[number] specifies the maximum number of possible characters

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Last modified: 9 May 2003
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