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How do I find ... ? This guide will lead you to the different types of resources and tools used in historical research.
Guide to Using Primary Sources on the Web Related
The Yale University Library holds periodic workshops for researchers, tailored either to general or specific needs. See Workshops & Tutorials. A book can be either a primary or secondary source, depending upon factors like publication date, viewpoint of the author and the topic of your research. Catalogs - tell you what is in a library in all formats (books, periodicals, manuscripts, videos, databases) and where it is kept. The collections of the Yale University Library are represented in multiple catalogs. Together Orbis, Morris (the Law Library catalog) and the Center for Research Libraries (CRL) catalog constitute the Yale University Library catalog. Eureka (RLIN) provides catalog records for books, journals, maps, sound recordings, musical scores, films, archives, and computer files held in research, corporate, and public libraries, as well as museums, archives and historical societies. WorldCat (OCLC) contains catalog records from academic, public, special and national libraries around the world. Full-Text Online Books ACLS History E-Book Project is an electronic publishing initiative for books in the field of history. Early English Books Online (EEBO) is based on the Bell & Howell microfilm collections Early English Books 1475-1640 and Early English Books 1641-1700. Early American Imprints, Series I. Evans, 1639 - 1800 is based on the American Bibliography by Charles Evans. It contains over 37,000 non-serial works from 1639 - 1800. Early American Imprints, Series II. Shaw-Shoemaker, 1801-1819 provides full-text access to the 36,000 American books, pamphlets and broadsides published in the first nineteen years of the nineteenth century. Eighteenth Century Collections Online contains nearly 150,000 English language titles and editions published between 1700 and 1800. Use quotation marks around phrases ( ex. "ethnic relation?" history america? )
to find online books. Note: Use quotation marks around phrases
and nesting (parentheses) to further refine a search for other topics
such as: See Orbis Help for more tips on keyword searching. How To Locate Scholarly Analysis - Peer Reviewed Journals Scholarly analysis can usually be found either as a monograph or an article. Here are the places to look in addition to Yale catalogs: America: History and Life contains annotated references to articles about US and Canadian history from periodicals published worldwide. AHA includes book and media reviews and citations to abstracts of dissertations. Academic Search provides access to journal articles in most academic areas of study. It includes full-text coverage for journals from 1990 to the present and abstracts/indexing of journals from 1984 to the present. Historical Abstracts contains annotated references to books, articles, and dissertations on the history of the world from 1450 to the present (excluding the United States and Canada , which are covered in America: History and Life). Arts and Humanities Citation Index indexes articles from arts and humanities journals, plus relevant articles from social science and science journals. The database covers 1975 to the present. AHA
Guide to Historical Literature Ed. Mary Beth Norton , Pamela
Gerardi . 3rd ed . New York : Oxford UP, 1995. 2 v. History Cooperative contains full text of current issues of the American Historical Review, the Journal of American History, Law and History Review, William and Mary Quarterly, The History Teacher, and Western Historical Quarterly. JSTOR (Journal Storage Project) contains the full text of several journals in the Arts & Sciences. America History & Life indexes and links to JSTOR articles. Dissertations and Theses - Full Text contains entries with information about doctoral dissertations and master's theses. Many titles published since 1997 (and selected earlier dissertations including Yale's) are available in full -text PDF digital format and have 24 page previews available. How To Locate Magazine Articles Indexes analyze the contents of periodicals. There are several indexes, both in print and electronic formats. Below are the indexes that historians find most helpful.
Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature indexes some of the most popular general interest periodicals published in the United States and Canada since 1890 and contains full text of those periodicals from 1983 - present. Academic Search indexes academic journals and some magazines and provides full text for many publications. Access:
The Supplementary Index to Periodicals indexes magazines not
presently indexed in Reader's
Guide to Periodical Literature, including city and regional magazines. Alternative Press Index (1969 - present) indexes roughly 250 alternative, radical, and left publications. Many of these periodicals are not indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature or the Social Sciences Index. The online version begins with 1991. History Resource Center provides integrated access to historical (primary) documents, articles from reference titles, and full-text journal covering themes, events, individuals and periods in U.S. history from pre-Colonial times to the present. The material also includes citations from history journals from the Institute for Scientific Information's Arts and Humanities Citation Index, as well as the entire "American Journey Online" series. Periodicals Index Online (formerly Periodicals Contents Index) indexes periodicals in the humanities and social sciences, from their first issues to recent. The scope is international, including journals in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and other Western languages. Commentary Digital Archive contains every issue of Commentary from 1945 to the present. Nation Digital Archive contains every issue of The Nation from July 1865 to the present. American Periodical Series is a full-text-/full-image database containing magazines published between 1741 and 1900. Harper's Magazine Online provides access to the full-text Harper's Magazine. It covers 1850 to the present. HarpWeek: The Civil War Era and Reconstruction is a searchable full-text database of all the pages of Harper's Weekly (1857-1877). History Resource Center provides integrated access to historical (primary) documents, articles from reference titles, and full-text journal covering themes, events, individuals and periods in U.S. history from pre-Colonial times to the present. The material also includes citations from history journals from the Institute for Scientific Information's Arts and Humanities Citation Index, as well as the entire "American Journey Online" series. Nation Digital Archive contains every issue of The Nation from July 1865 to the present. Nineteenth Century Index contains several established indexes. The Nineteenth Century Masterfile contains several electronic indexes to pre-1920 periodical literature, including Poole’s Index to Periodical Literature (1802-1906). *The print version of Poole ’s is located in SML, Reference, Index Case A13 P656 1963 Periodicals Index Online (formerly Periodicals Contents Index) indexes periodicals in the humanities and social sciences, from their first issues to recent. The scope is international, including journals in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and other Western languages. Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature indexes some of the most popular general interest periodicals published in the United States and Canada since 1890 and contains full text of those periodicals from 1983 - present. American Periodical Series is a full-text-/full-image database contains 1000 magazines published between 1741 and 1900. Periodicals Index Online (formerly Periodicals Contents Index) indexes periodicals in the humanities and social sciences, from their first issues to recent. The scope is international, including journals in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and other Western languages. How To Look For Online Newspapers Few newspapers have published indexes. Check Orbis to determine what is available. Here are a few online newspaper indexes and fulltext databases. Early
American Newspapers Historical
Newspapers Online
Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe is a full-text news and information service that provides access to newspapers, magazines, transcripts, business and legal information. Accessible Archives provides a searchable collection of American newspapers from the 18th &19th Centuries. Titles include the Pennsylvania Gazette and African-American Newspapers: the 19th Century. Factiva contains same-day and archival coverage of many US and international newspapers, newswires and transcripts. How To Look For Newspapers in Other Formats First determine the title and date of publication of the newspaper. These guides will help: Brigham, Clarence Saunders. History
and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820. Worchester,
MA: American Antiquarian Society, 1947. Many of the newspapers listed
and discussed in this work are available on microfilm in the Early
American Newspapers Collection shelved in the Microform Reading
Room. American Newspapers, 1821-1936: A Union List of Files Available in the United States and Canada. Ed. Winifred Gregory. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1967. Newspapers on Microform: United
States, 1948-1983. Washington, DC: Library or Congress, 1984. To determine if Yale University Libraries own a particular newspaper, first check Orbis, the online catalog. Then check this database: Newspaper Holdings of the Yale University Library is a record of Yale Library holdings of newspapers in microform. This list contains only some of the newspapers to be found in the original, reprints, or facsimile in the SML stacks, Mudd Library, or the Beinecke. It does include some of the Underground Newspaper Collection (Film S618). If we do not have a particular newspaper, you may be able able borrow it from another library via interlibrary loan. Check the Center for Research Libraries (CRL), Eureka, and/or WorldCat How to Locate Government Documents When looking for government-related documents, databases and indexes are useful. Below are some databases and websites that are particularly helpful when looking for pre-1900s government documents. American State Papers, 1789-1838 contains U.S. Congressional materials. It overlaps somewhat with the U.S. Congressional Serial Set. U.S. Congressional Serial Set is comprised of the bound, sequentially numbered volumes of all the Reports, Documents, and Journals of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. This digitized version includes Serial Set volumes 1-161 (15th-19th Congresses, 1817-1827). Lexis-Nexis Congressional Universe is an online legislative and regulatory service. It provides indexing and abstracting for congressional hearings, prints, bills, reports and documents. Southern Oregon Digital Archives (SOU) is a digital library primarily from the SOU Library’s collections of federal, state, and county publications. The Library is concentrating its efforts on two collections of regional materials pertaining to the Southern Oregon Bioregion and the First Nations/ Tribal Collection. AMDOCS: Documents for the Study of American History contains full-text documents of many important historical and government texts. Nineteenth Century Documents Project (Furman) includes accurate transcriptions of many important and representative primary texts from nineteenth century American history, with special emphasis on those sources that shed light on sectional conflict and transformations in regional identity. Collection Finder for the American Memory Project at the Library of Congress. Avalon
Project (Yale Law School) presents digital historical documents
relevant to the fields of law, economics, politics, diplomacy and government
on the World Wide Web. How To Locate Manuscripts and Archives Manuscript materials can be difficult to locate. Below are some electronic resources that help locate materials: ArchivesUSA integrates three resources: The National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections (NUCMUC), The Directory of Archives and Manuscript Repositories in the US (DARMUS), and The National Inventory of Documentary Sources in the United States (NIDS). WorldCat contains over 39 million records from academic, public, special and national libraries around the world. ArchiveGrid integrates the portion of the Research Libraries Group's RLIN database (Eureka) containing close to half a million descriptive records of archival collections with a growing range of online finding aids or detailed collection guides and inventories. ArchiveGrid uses a modified form of the Eureka interface. Yale Finding Aids Project provides access to archival finding aids in a platform-independent electronic format, using SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) and HTML. Finding aids are inventories, indexes, or guides that are created by archival and manuscript repositories to provide information about specific collections. While the finding aids created by repositories may vary somewhat in style, their common purpose is to provide detailed description of the content and intellectual organization of collections. Access to finding aids through the Internet will assist scholars in determining whether collections contain material relevant to their research. Guides to Microforms (in Lexis-Nexis Primary Sources in U.S. History) provide a web-based finding aid for certain microform collections. Instead of searching through several printed guides that accompany microforms, you may search all the microform collections in the database by keyword or browse the electronic versions of the printed guides by title or subject. The end result will be a list of descriptions of records you can find either in Yale University Library's microform collections or through interlibrary loan. Where To Find Basic Biographical Information and To Check Facts (online) American National Biography offers portraits of men and women -- from all eras and walks of life including illustrations, hyperlinked cross-references and links to select web sites. Biography and Genealogy Master Index indexes biographical sketches of current and retrospective reference books, covering both contemporary and historical figures throughout the world. Biography Index cites biographical material appearing in periodicals indexed inWilson databases and additional selected periodicals, some current annuals of individual and collective biography, and incidental biographical material in otherwise non-biographical books. Biography Resource Center (BioRC) is a database of biographical information throughout history, around the world, and across all disciplines and subject areas. World Biographical Index is a good first step for locating very basic information about people from North and South America, Western and Central Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania, through the beginning of the 20th century. It is essentially an index to biographical reference works which have been microfilmed. Yale's microfiche sets are housed in the SML, Starr Main Reference Room Annex. General (online) Encyclopedias Britannica
Online includes the complete, updated
Dictionary of American History (third edition) is the first comprehensive revision of the classic reference source originally published in 1940. Illustrations and maps have been incorporated into the main body of the work. Keesing's Record of World Events provides objective international news reports and resources to communicate with leaders around the world since 1931. Oxford Reference (History) brings subject dictionaries and reference works published by Oxford University Press into a single cross-searchable resource. It is also possible to search each title in the collection indivi Databases & Article Searching lists all Yale databases. Try using the Search feature to locate databases for your topic. For example, the search american history manuscripts results in the database Lexis-Nexis Primary Sources in U.S. History
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