Tower of Belem was built as a fortress in the middle of the Tagus in 1515-219-1941 German emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia from 1888 to the end of World War One in 1918.
Portuguese History Bibliography

Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Other General Works

Dicionario da historia da colonizacao portuguesa no Brasil / coordenacao de Maria Beatriz Nizza da Silva. -- Lisboa : Verbo, (1994)
SML Stacks  F2524 D52X; 1994; (LC)

Grande enciclopedia portuguesa e brasileira. Ilustrada com cerca de 15.000 gravuras e 400 hors-textes a cores ... --Lisboa, Rio de Janeiro, Editorial Enciclopedia, limitada <1935-60>
Reference AE37 G74 1935 (LC)
"The standard encyclopedia for Brazil and Portugal, with the emphasis on Portugal. Limited international coverage. Many short dictionary-style entries as well as longer descriptive articles make this an excellent source for the history and culture of Portugal. Most articles lack bibliographies." (Balay AB80)

Santana, Francisco (Francisco Gingeira) and Sucena, Eduardo, eds. Dicionario da historia de Lisboa. Lisboa: C. Quintas, 1994.
DP514.S32 1994
"Substantial articles by over 175 scholars on various aspects of Lisbon's history. Articles conclude with selective bibliographies. See references, but no cross references; thematic index and list of authors." [JKL]

Joel Serrao, ed. Dicionario de historia de Portugal. 1963-71 ed. Porto, Portugal: Livraria Figuerinhas, 1981.
SML Stacks DP535 S46
"Historical encyclopedia of Portuguese history from ancient times to twentieth century. Best on institutions, age of discovery, and topics to 1926." (AHA 29.25)

Wheeler, Douglas L. Historical dictionary of Portugal / by Douglas L. Wheeler. --Metuchen, N.J. : Scarecrow Press, 1993. (European historical dictionaries ; no. 1)
Reference DP535 W44X 1993
"Covers all facets of Portuguese history, up to about 1990, with entries mostly under names of people, places, organizations, buildings, and treaties, plus occasional topics such as the colonial empire or relations with other countries. Extensive and excellent English and Portuguese bibliography (p. 184-283). Chronology; brief history. Appendixes: Monarchs 1140-1910; Presidents since 1910; Prime ministers since 1922. Not indexed." (Balay DC492)

Verbo; enciclopedia luso-brasileira de cultura. --Lisboa, Editorial Verbo  <1963-1995>
Reference  AE37 V47 (LC)
"Excellent Portuguese-language encyclopedia. The articles are lengthy and signed, with short bibliographies. Richly illustrated with color photographs and diagrams, including many coats of arms. Emphasis on Portugal and Brazil, but international in coverage." (Balay AB81)

European History Guides
British History
French History
European History Research Guide
German History
Italian History
Portuguese History
Spanish History
History of Science/Science Studies
Medieval Studies
World War II
Cold War
Bibliografia Anual de História de Portugal
(Univ. of Coimbra)

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Primary Sources
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This file last modified 09/20/05
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