ECONOMIC GROWTH CENTER

                       YALE UNIVERSITY

                       P.O. Box 208269
                     27 Hillhouse Avenue
                   New Haven, CT 06520-8269


               CENTER DISCUSSION PAPER NO.  781



            MULTIPLE JOB HOLDING IN RUSSIA DURRING
                     ECONOMIC TRANSITION


                        Mark C.  Foley

                       Yale University




                         August 1997




Note: Center Discussion Papers are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate
      discussions and critical comments.  Mark Foley is a Ph.D. candidate in the
      Economics Department at Yale University.

      The author thanks T.  Paul Schultz and Jenny Hunt for useful discussions
      and comments on preliminary versions.

                            Abstract
    This article analyzes multiple job holding in the context of economic
 transition.  Evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal survey of
 Russian citizens is used to characterize secondary jobs and second job
 holders, with emphasis on the determinants of multiple job holding.  There
 has been a marked increase in multiple job holding, rising from 5.6 percent
 overall in 1992 to 10.1 percent in 1996.  Economic conditions prevalent
 in Russia's labor market are found to strongly affect secondary job activity.
 Workers who have experienced wage arrears, been placed on involuntary leave,
 or are working less than full-time are all significantly more likely
 to take on second jobs.  Higher education nearly doubles this probability.
 As transition has progressed, women have become not only much less likely
 to engage in additional work, but those that do so receive significantly
 lower second-job wages, with a gender wage gap of 68 percent, over 3 times
 that for primary jobs.  Marriage and young children are associated with lower
 multiple job holding rates for women.



 KEY WORDS: Multiple Job Holding, Economic Transition, Russia