United Nations Reform: A Selected Bibliography

1. L'adaptation des structures et méthodes des Nations Unies: colloque, La Haye, 4-6 novembre 1985 = The Adaptation of Structures and Methods at the United Nations: Workshop, The Hague, 4-6 November 1985. Organized by the Hague Academy of International Law and the United Nations University ; edited by Daniel Bardonnet. Dordrecht; Boston: M. Nijhoff; Norwell, MA: Distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1986. xviii, 416 p.

2. Administrative Committee on Co-ordination. Inventory of Arrangements for Programme Co-ordination in the United Nations System. Geneva?: ACC, 1987. 157 p. ACC/1987/INF/1.

Covers ninety-four formal arrangements for program coordination among organizations of the UN system, indicating for each the establishing authority, mandate, main areas of collaboration, and participating organizations. In three sections: 1, established subsidiary bodies of the Administrative Committee on Co-ordination (ACC consists of the UN Secretary-General and the executive heads of the specialized agencies); 2, other inter-organizational coordinating mechanisms reporting to the ACC; and 3, other inter-organizational coordinating arrangements. Excludes ACC itself and ACC's Organizational Committee.

3. Aga Khan, Sadruddin, and Maurice F. Strong. "United Nations Financial Emergency: Crisis and Opportunity." New York, August 1986. Unpublished. iv, 65, 2, 5, 2, 3 p.

Assesses the UN financial emergency, and recommends short-term remedies and longer-term measures aimed at program consolidation and rationalization, staff reductions, and the elimination of duplicated or ineffective UN programs. Although an independent effort, this study was seriously considered by the UN along with the report of the "Group of 18," formally known as the Group of High-level Intergovernmental Experts to Review the Efficiency of the Administrative and Financial Functioning of the United Nations.

4. Agenda for Change: New Tasks for the United Nations. Edited by Klaus Hüfner. Opladen, Germany: Leske + Budrich, 1995. 312 p.

5. Akashi, Yasushi. "The Limits of UN Diplomacy and the Future of Conflict Mediation." Survival: the IISS Quarterly 37, No. 4 (Winter 1995-96): 83-98.

6. Alger, Chadwick F. "Thinking about the Future of the UN System." Global Governance 2, No. 3 (September/December 1996): 335-60.

7. Arnold, Tim. Reforming the UN: Its Economic Role. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995. Discussion Paper, No. 57. 47 p.

8. Augelli, Enrico, and Craig N. Murphy. "Lessons of Somalia for Future Multilateral Humanitarian Assistance Operations." Global Governance 1, No. 3 (Sept./Dec. 1995): 339-65.

9. Ayoob, Mohammed. "The New-Old Disorder in the Third World." Global Governance 1, No. 1 (Winter 1995): 59-77.

10. Baehr, Peter R., and Leon Gordenker. The United Nations in the 1990s. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994. xiv, 202 p.

11. Baratta, Joseph Preston, comp. Strengthening the United Nations: A Bibliography on U.N. Reform and World Federalism. Bibliographies and Indexes in World History, No. 7. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. [ix], 351 p. See also Baratta's more recent and extensive bibliography, United Nations System. International Organizations Series, Vol. 10. Oxford, Eng.: Clio, 1995. [xxx], 511 p. Chapters cover "U.N. Reform" and "Financing the U.N.." in addition to the specific organs and functions of the U.N. System. Includes author and subject indexes.

12. Barnett, Michael. "The New United Nations Politics of Peace: from Juridical Sovereignty to Empirical Sovereignty." Global Governance 1, No. 1 (Winter 1995): 79-97.

13. Bedjaoui, Mohammed. The New World Order and the Security Council: Testing the Legality of Its Acts. Dordrecht, Netherlands; Boston, MA.: M. Nijhoff, 1994. xix, 531p.

14. Beesley, J. Alan. New Frontiers of Multilateralism. John W. Holmes Memorial Lecture. Reports and Papers, 1989, No. 3. [Hanover, N. H.:] Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1989. ii, 18 p.

15. Beigbeder, Yves. Management Problems in United Nations Organizations: Reform or Decline? Studies in International Political Economy. London: Pinter, 1987. x, 174 p.

16. Bertram, Christoph. "Multilateral Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution." Survival: the IISS Quarterly 37, No. 4 (Winter 1995-96): 65-82.

17. Bettati, Mario. Le droit d'ingérence: mutation de l'ordre international. Paris: O. Jacob, 1996. 384 p.

18. Beyond Bretton Woods: Alternatives to the Global Economic Order. Edited by John Cavanagh, Daphne Wysham and Marcos Arruda. Transnational Institute Series. London; Boulder, Colo.: Pluto Press with Institute for Policy Studies and Transnational Institute, 1994. 229 p.

19. Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. "Democracy: A Newly Recognized Imperative." Global Governance 1, No. 1 (Winter 1995): 3-11.

20. Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. "Empowering the United Nations." Foreign Affairs 71 (Winter 1992/1993): 89-102.

21. Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. "A New Departure on Development." Foreign Policy 98 (Spring 1995): 44-49.

22. Bretton Woods Commission. Bretton Woods: Looking to the Future: Commission Report. Washington, D.C.: Bretton Woods Commission, 1994.

Review of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group, with recommendations for reform, prepared on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Bretton Woods Conference by the Commission, an independent international group of experts in international finance, economics and development. Includes staff review and background papers. Another volume, presenting a summary of discussions at the Commission's conference in Washington on July 21-22 1994, is scheduled for publication.

23. Building a More Democratic United Nations; Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on a More Democratic United Nations, New York, 1990. Edited by Frank Barnaby. Portland, Ore.: Frank Cass, 1991. viii, 313 p.

24. Canadian Committee for the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations. Canadian Priorities for United Nations Reform: Proposals for Policy Changes by the United Nations and the Government of Canada. Ottawa: The Committee, 1994. xv, 47 p.

Discusses four main areas of Canadian concern: an agenda for the reform of the UN system; an agenda for peace; an agenda for development; and an agenda for human rights.

25. Carlsson, Ingvar. "The U.N. at 50: A Time To Reform." Foreign Policy 100 (Fall 1995): 3-18.

26. The Challenging Role of the UN Secretary-General: Making "the Most Impossible Job in the World" Possible. Edited by Benjamin Rivlin and Leon Gordenker; foreword by Sir Brian Urquhart. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1993. xvi, 301 p.

27. Childers, Erskine, and Brian Urquhart. "Renewing the United Nations System." Uppsala, Sweden: Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, 1994. Development Dialogue 1994:1.

Analyzes the present state of the UN system and recommends changes and reforms. The authors' aim is "to identify a graduated sequence of major options for reform and reorganization which are both feasible and likely to improve the situation." The analysis and recommendations center on the following areas: equity and sustainable development; operational development activities; human rights; humanitarian emergency capacities; the decision-making machinery; finance and management; the international civil service; and a more democratic UN.

28. Claude, Inis L. "Peace and Security: Prospective Roles for the Two United Nations." Global Governance 2, No. 3 (September/December 1996): 289-98.

29. Commission on Global Governance. Issues in Global Governance: Papers Written for the Commission on Global Governance. London; Boston: Kluwer Law International in association with the Commission on Global Governance, 1995. xiii, 478 p.

Collection of eighteen papers, written by specialists and grouped under the following issues: global values; global security; global development; global institutional reform; global rule of law; and global governance. Includes index, appendices, and foreword by Ingvar Carlsson and Shridath Ramphal, co-chairmen of the Commission. Companion volume to: Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighbourhood: The Report of the Commission on Global Governance (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).

30. Commission on Global Governance. Our Global Neighbourhood: The Report of the Commission on Global Governance. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. xx, 410 p.

The Commission, an independent group of twenty-eight leaders, discusses global transformation since 1945 and the need for change and reform. In seven chapters: 1, the concept of global governance; 2, values for the global neighbourhood; 3, promoting security; 4, managing economic interdependence; 5, reforming the UN; 6, strengthening the rule of law; and 7, proposals in the areas covered by the previous chapters. Includes bibliography and index. See also companion volume: Commission on Global Governance, Issues in Global Governance: Papers Written for the Commission on Global Governance (London; Boston: Kluwer Law International in association with the Commission on Global Governance, 1995).

31. Commission on International Development. Partners in Development: Report. New York: Praeger, 1969. xvi, 400 p.

Established on the initiative of the World Bank and chaired by former Canadian Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson, the Commission on International Development surveyed the situation of developing countries in the 1950s and 1960s, examined private and official development assistance, discussed the role of international organizations, and presented recommendations, including a proposed ODA target of 0.7% of donor countries' GNP.

32. Commonwealth Secretariat. Common Index and Glossary to the Brandt, Palme and Brundtland Reports of the Independent Commissions on International Development, Disarmament and Security, and Environment and Development. London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 1990. 146 p.

Combined subject index to the following four reports: North-South: A Programme for Survival; Report of the Independent Commission on International Development Issues ("Brandt Report"); Common Crisis North-South: Co-operation for World Recovery ("Brandt Memorandum"); Common Security: A Blueprint for Survival ("Palme Report"); and Our Common Future ("Brundtland Report"). Also includes name indexes to members and secretariats of the commissions and eminent persons, glossary, and an introduction by Shridath S. Ramphal.

33. Crocker, Chester A., and Fen Osler Hampson. "Making Peace Settlements Work." Foreign Policy 104 (Fall 1996): 54-71.

34. De Gara, John. Administrative and Financial Reform of the United Nations: A Documentary Essay. Reports and Papers, 1989-2. [Hanover, N. H.:] Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1989. i, 23 p.

Selective annotated list of UN documents related to UN reform in general, and specific issues such as staff reduction, the planning and budget process, reform of the institutional mechanism and the UN's financial situation. Includes two appendices: an annotated list of documents and publications on other reform efforts, and a selected bibliography of non-UN titles on UN reform.

35. de Soto, Alvaro, and Graciana del Castillo. "Implementation of Comprehensive Peace Agreements: Staying the Course in El Salvador." Global Governance 1, No. 2 (May/Aug. 1995): 189-203.

36. Deldique, Pierre-Edouard. Le mythe des Nations unies: l"ONU après la guerre froide. Paris: Hachette, 1994. 236, [16] p.

37. Deng, Francis M. "Dealing with the Displaced: A Challenge to the International Community." Global Governance 1, No. 1 (Winter 1995): 45-57.

38. Dicke, Klaus. Effizienz und Effektivität Internationaler Organisationen: Darstellung und Kritische Analyse eines Topos in Reformprozess der Vereinten Nationen. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Internationales Recht an der Universitat Kiel, 116. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1994. 396 p.

39. Dirks, Gerald, Robert O. Matthews, Tariq Rauf, Elizabeth Riddell-Dixon, and Claire Turenne Sjolander. The State of the United Nations, 1992: North-South Perspectives. Reports and Papers, 1993, No. 5. Providence, R.I.: Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1993. iii, 102 p.

40. Documents on Reform of the United Nations. Edited by Paul Taylor, Sam Daws, and Ute Adamczick. Brookfield, Vt.: Dartmouth, 1996.

41. Donnelly, Alan. Reforming the International Economic Institutions: A Speech Delivered at the New York Institute of International Affairs in January 1995 at a Celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the United Nations.

42. Eban, Abba. "The U.N. Idea Revisited." Foreign Affairs 74, No. 5 (Sept./Oct. 1995): 39-55.

43. Esty, Daniel C. "A Case for a Global Environmental Organization." In The Halifax Summit, Sustainable Development, and International Institutional Reform: Preliminary Discussion Paper and Background Material. Montreal: Task Force on Foreign Policy and Sustainability, The National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, 1995, Tab 6, 18 p. [Workshop on the Halifax Summit, Sustainable Development, and International Institutional Reform, Montreal, February 27, 1995.]

44. Evans, Gareth J. Cooperating for Peace: The Global Agenda for the 1990's and Beyond. St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1993. xviii, 224 p.

Focuses on preventive strategies, peace-building, and cooperative security. Includes bibliography and index.

45. Ferencz, Benjamin B. New Legal Foundations for Global Survival: Security through the Security Council. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y: Oceana Publications, 1994. xii, 469p.

46. Financing an Effective United Nations: A Report of the Independent Advisory Group on U.N. Financing. [New York: Ford Foundation,] 1993. 34 leaves.

Examines problems of financing the UN and its affiliated programs (but not the specialized agencies) and presents the conclusions and recommendations of an independent international advisory group convened by the Ford Foundation in consultation with the office of the UN Secretary-General. Analysis and recommendations concern shortfall in contributions to the regular UN budget, payment schedules, cash flow problems, borrowing by the UN, the assessment formula, and financing peacekeeping operations.

47. Fisas Armangol, Vicenç. Blue Geopolitics: The United Nations Reform and the Future of the Blue Helmets. Transnational Institute Series. London; East Haven, Ct.: Pluto Press with Transnational Institute, 1995. xvi, 184 p.

48. Fomerand, Jacques. Strengthening the United Nations Economic and Social Programs: A Documentary Essay. Reports and Papers, 1990-2. [Hanover, N. H.:] Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1990. ii, 29 p.

49. Fomerand, Jacques. "UN Conferences: Media Events or Genuine Diplomacy?" Global Governance 2, No. 3 (September/December 1996): 361-75.

50. Forsythe, David P. "The UN and Human Rights at Fifty: An Incremental But Incomplete Revolution." Global Governance 1, No. 3 (Sept./Dec. 1995): 297-318.

51. Forum on the Future of the United Nations, Vienna, 1995. Reforming the United Nations: A View from the South. Geneva: South Centre; 1995. 35p.

52. Goodpaster, Andrew J. When Diplomacy Is Not Enough: Managing Multinational Military Interventions; A Report to the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict. New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York: 1996.

53. Gordenker, Leon. Thinking about the United Nations System. John W. Holmes Memorial Lecture. Reports and Papers, 1990, No. 4. [Hanover, N. H.:] Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1990. ii, 14 p.

54. Gordon, Wendell. The United Nations at the Crossroads of Reform. Studies in Institutional Economics. Armonk, N.Y.; London: M. E. Sharpe, 1994. ix, 285 p.

Describes the organization and functioning of the UN, then presents the UN in the context of general social process, and sets out suggestions for UN reform. Includes bibliography and index.

55. Haas, Peter M., and Ernst B. Haas. "Learning To Learn: Improving International Governance." Global Governance 1, No. 3 (Sept./Dec. 1995): 255-84.

56. Hajnal, Peter I. "The Literature of International Organizations: Nature, Current Issues, Problems and Trends." In Introduction to International Organizations, edited by Lyonette Louis-Jacques and Jeanne S. Korman, 1-44. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana, 1996.

57. "Halifax Summit Communiqué." U.S. Dept. of State Dispatch 6, Supplement No. 4 (July 1995): 5-9.

The reform of international institutions--especially international financial institutions--was the centerpiece of the 1995 Halifax Summit of the G7.

58. The Halifax Summit Review of the International Financial Institutions: Background Document. Halifax, June 16, 1995.

Detailed treatment of the objectives and subject institutions of G7 desiderata in the area of international institution reform.

59. Heinrich, Dieter. The Case for a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly. New York: World Federalist Movement, 1993. 26 p.

60. Hoffmann, Walter. United Nations Security Council Reform and Restructuring. Livingston, NJ: The Center for UN Reform Education, 1994. 79 p.

61. Holmes, John W. Looking Backwards and Forwards. Reports and Papers, 1988-1. [Hanover, N. H.:] Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1988. [14] p.

62. Hüfner, Klaus. Die Reform der Vereinten Nationen: Die Weltorganisation zwischen Krise und Erneuerung (The Reform of the United Nations: The World Organization between Crisis and Renewal). Opladen : Leske + Budrich, 1994. 365 p.

63. Imber, Mark. Environment, Security, and UN Reform. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994. xi, 180 p.

64. Independent Commission of the South on Development Issues. The Challenge to the South: The Report of the South Commission. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. xv, 325 p.

The South Commission was headed by Julius K. Nyerere, former president of Tanzania. The "Nyerere Report" examined the state of the developing world, assessed the South's achievements as well as failures in developing human and material resources; analyzed North-South relations; and set out a strategy and programme for mobilizing developing countries for greater self-reliance and co-operation, and more effective development.

65. Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security Issues. Common Security: A Blueprint for Survival. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982. xvii, 202 p.

The Commission, chaired by Prime Minister Olof Palme of Sweden, consisted of seventeen prominent members from East and West as well as North and South. The "Palme Report" discusses arms control, disarmament and security issues and makes recommendations, including a call for the strengthening of the UN's role in these fields.

66. Independent Commission on International Development Issues. Common Crisis North-South: Co-operation for World Recovery; Memorandum of the Independent Commission on International Development Issues. London; Sydney: Pan Books, 1983. 174 p.

Published three years after the Brandt Report and noting lack of progress in North-South economic cooperation, this "Brandt Memorandum" presents a more up-to-date version of the Independent Commission's original emergency program. It deals with international cooperation in finance, trade, food and energy, as well as with the North-South negotiating process, and makes a number of new proposals in these areas. Indexed in Common Index and Glossary to the Brandt, Palme and Brundtland Reports of the Independent Commissions on International Development, Disarmament and Security, and Environment and Development.

67. Independent Commission on International Development Issues. North-South: A Programme for Survival; Report of the Independent Commission on International Development Issues. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1980. 304 p.

This Commission, proposed by World Bank president Robert McNamara and chaired by Willy Brandt, consisted of a group of prominent international figures from developing and developed countries. The "Brandt Report" deals with "global issues arising from the economic and social disparities of the world community". Topics discussed include mutual interests of North and South, problems of the poorest countries, hunger and food, population and environment, disarmament, energy, and world trade. Proposes an international program of priorities, and discusses the role of the UN system. Indexed, along with the "Brandt Memorandum"), the "Palme Report", and the "Brundtland Report" in Common Index and Glossary to the Brandt, Palme and Brundtland Reports of the Independent Commissions on International Development, Disarmament and Security, and Environment and Development.

68. Independent Commission on Population and the Quality of Life. Caring for the Future: Making the Next Decades Provide a Life Worth Living. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Examines the challenges of population, poverty, ecology and economy; presents a vision of sustainable improvement of the quality of life; and sets out the path toward population, work, education, health and other policies, as well as the new global perspectives needed. Concludes with a set of recommendations.

69. Independent Working Group on the Future of the United Nations. The United Nations in Its Second Half-Century. [New York:] Ford Foundation,] 1995. viii, 53 p.

Convened by the Ford Foundation at the request of the UN Secretary-General, the Working Group produced this concise report, with a number of recommendations, on the future of the UN system, with special emphasis on security, global economic and social development, and leadership, organization and resources.

70. Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence. Rencontres internationales (1991). Aspects du système des Nations Unies dans le cadre de l'idée d'un nouvel ordre mondial: colloque des 22 et 23 novembre 1991. Sous la direction d'Yves Daudet. Paris: Pédone, [1992]. 203 p.

71. International Documents Review: The Weekly Newsletter on the United Nations. Vol. 1- , June 1990-. Teaneck, N.J.; New York: Bhaskar Menon.

72. International Labour Conference, 79th Session, 1992. Democratisation and the ILO: Report of the Director-General (Part 1). Geneva: ILO, 1992. iv, 67 p.

In this report, the Director-General discusses the worldwide democratization movement and its repercussions for ILO in the areas of human rights, employment and economy, tripartism and collective bargaining.

73. International Monetary Fund. The Future of the SDR in Light of Changes in the International Financial System. Edited by Michael Mussa, James M. Boughton, and Peter Isard. Washington, D.C.: IMF, 1996. xxviii, 435 p.

74. International Symposium: Prospects for Reform of the United Nations System, Rome, Italy, 15-17 May, 1992. Prospects for Reform of the United Nations System. Padova, Italy: CEDAM, 1993. xxii, 509 p.

75. James, Harold. International Monetary Cooperation since Bretton Woods. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund; New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. xiii, 742 p.

Independent scholarly history of the management of the international monetary system after World War II. Includes bibliography and index.

76. Johansen, Robert. "The Future of United Nations Peacekeeping and Enforcement: A Framework for Policymaking." Global Governance 2, No. 3 (September/December 1996): 299-333.

77. Joint Inspection Unit. Concluding Report on the Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 32/197 concerning the Restructuring of the Economic and Social Sectors of the United Nations System. Geneva: JIU, 1989. ii, 28 p. JIU/REP/89/7. Transmitted in United Nations, General Assembly, 44th sess., Concluding Report on the Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 32/197 concerning the Restructuring of the Economic and Social Sectors of the United Nations System. New York: UN, 25 August 1989. A/44/486.

Discusses the functions of ECOSOC, the division of labor in the UN Secretariat, and the role of the Secretary-General. Document A/44/486/Add.1 contains comments on the report by the Secretary-General.

78. Joint Inspection Unit. Some Reflections on Reform of the United Nations. Prepared by Maurice Bertrand. Geneva: JIU, 1985. 84 p. JIU/REP/85/9. Transmitted in United Nations, General Assembly, 40th sess., Some Reflections on Reform of the United Nations; Note by the Secretary-General. New York: UN, 1985. iv, 84 p. A/40/988.

The "Bertrand Report" reviews the nature, objectives, functions, and structure of the UN, and outlines major proposals for reform. The focus is on peace and security, negotiation of economic issues, and an integrated approach to economic and social development.

79. Jonah, James O.C. Differing State Perspective on the United Nations in the Post-Cold War World. John W. Holmes Memorial Lecture. Reports and Papers, 1993, No. 4. Providence, R.I.: Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1993. ii, 27 p.

80. Kanninen, Tapio. Leadership and Reform: The Secretary-General and the UN Financial Crisis of the Late 1980s. Legal Aspects of International Organization, Vol. 22. The Hague; Boston; London: Kluwer Law International, 1995. xxiii, 292 p.

Explores and analyzes the UN financial crisis and consequent reorganization, with special emphasis on leadership and decisionmaking. Also applies urban retrenchment theory to the analysis of UN restructuring. Includes bibliographical references and index.

81. Kasto, Jalil. The United Nations: A Global Organization: Its Evolution, Achievements, Failure, and Reconstruction. International Law Series, No. 4. 1st ed. Hounslow, U.K. : The Author, 1995. iv, 96 p.

82. Kaufmann, Johan. The Evolving United Nations: Priciples and Realities. John W. Holmes Memorial Lecture. Reports and Papers, 1994, No. 4. Providence, R.I.: Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1994. iv, 36 p.

83. Kaufmann, Johan, Dick Leurdijk, and Nico Schrijver. The World in Turmoil: Testing the UN's Capacity. Reports and Papers, 1991-4. Hanover, N.H.: Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1991. xii, 150 p.

84. Kaufmann, Johan, and Nico Schrijver, with cooperation of Dick Leurdijk. Changing Global Needs: Expanding Roles for the United Nations System. Reports and Papers, 1990-5. Hanover, N.H. : Academic Council on the United Nations, 1990. xiv, 139 p.

85. Kennedy, Paul and Bruce Russett, "Reforming the United Nations." Foreign Affairs 74, No. 5 (Sept./Oct. 1995): 56-71.

86. Kim, Soo Yeon, and Bruce Russett. "The New Politics of Voting Alignments in the United Nations General Assembly." International Organization 50, No. 4 (Autumn 1996): 629-52.

87. Knight, W. Andy. "Beyond the UN System? Critical Perspectives on Global Governance and Multilateral Evolution." Global Governance 1, No. 2 (May/Aug. 1995): 229-53.

88. Langhorne, Richard. Reforming the United Nations: The International and Institutional Contexts of Reform. Wilton Park Paper, 95. London: HMSO, 1995. 27 p.

89. Lee, John M., Robert von Pagenhardt, and Timothy W. Stanley. To Unite Our Strength: Enhancing the United Nations Peace and Security System. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America; Washington, D.C.: International Economic Studies Institute, 1992. xi, 166 p.

90. Legault, Albert, Craig N. Murphy, and W. B. Ofuatey-Kodjoe. The State of the United Nations, 1992. Reports and Papers, 1992, No. 3. Providence, R.I.: Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1992. 75 p.

91. Lyon Summit, 27-29 June 1996. Economic Communiqué: Making a Success of Globalization for the Benefit of All. Lyon, 28 June 1996.

Includes evaluation of progress in the reform of international institutions achieved since the 1995 Halifax Summit, and sets out reform tasks still to be achieved.

92. Lyon Summit, 27-29 June 1996. A New Partnership for Development: Communiqué of the Meeting between the Leaders of the Major Industrialized Nations and the Heads of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization, June 29,1996.

A G7 Summit first, this post-summit meeting brought together heads of state or government of the G7 and Russia with the administrative heads of the four major international organizations.

93. MacNeill, Jim, Peter Winsemius and Taizo Yukushiji. Beyond Interdependence: The Meshing of the World Economy and the Earth's Ecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. xx, 159 p.

94. Makinda, Samuel M. "Sovereignty and International Security: Challenges for the United Nations." Global Governance 2, No. 2 (May/August 1996): 149-68.

95. Managing the World Economy: Fifty Years after Bretton Woods. Edited by Peter B. Kenen. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1994. vii, 430 p. Based on a conference organized by the Institute for International Economics, this "comprehensive review of the institutional framework for international economic cooperation" (Prefece) contains papers and comments on: the world economy under the Bretton Woods system; the monetary system; the trading system; development and transition; a market-led global financial system; international direct investment; the global environment; and the world economy of the future. Includes bibliographical references but lacks index.

96. Martin, Andrew, and John B.S. Edwards. The Changing Charter: A Study in the Reform of the United Nations. London, Sylvan Press, 1955. 128 p.

97. Matanle, Emma. The UN Security Council: Prospects for Reform. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995. 70 p.

98. Matthews, Robert O. "United Nations Reform in the 1990s: North-South Dimension." Academic Council on the United Nations System Reports and Papers, 1993, No. 5 (Providence, R.I.: ACUNS, 1993): 15-42.

99. Mingst, Karen A., and Craig P. Warkentin. "What Difference Does Culture Make in Multilateral Negotiations?" Global Governance 2, No. 2 (May/August 1996): 169-88.

100. Mondialisation et accumulation. Sous la direction de Samir Amin. Le nouveau système capitaliste mondial--le monde vu du sud = The New Capitalist World Organization--A Perspective from the South, Vol. 1. Paris: l'Harmattan, 1993. 370 p.

101. Müller, Joachim W. The Reform of the United Nations. "A volume in the series Annual Review of United Nations Affairs." New York; London; Rome: Oceana Publications, 1992. 2 vols.

Volume 1 describes but does not analyze the UN reform process from 1985 to 1990 through extensive use of official records and other UN documents. Volume 2 reproduces 11 General Assembly and ECOSOC resolutions and decisions, and 41 documents of various UN bodies. Includes bibliography and indexes.

102. Nordic Council. The Nordic Countries and the Future of the United Nations: Final Report from the Conference of the Nordic Council Held in Helsinki from 10-12 January 1995. Rapporteur: Asbjørn Eide. Stockholm: NC, 1995. 111 p.

103. Nordic Council. The Nordic Countries in the United Nations: Status and Future Perspectives. Edited by Åge Eknes. Stockholm: NC, 1995. 182 p.

Collection of essays written under the aegis of the Nordic Council and with the support of foreign policy institutes of the Nordic countries. Contributions discuss, from a Nordic perspective: new actors; institutional reform; the role of the Security Council; peacekeeping; disarmament; the UN's social agenda; human rights; the environment after UNCED; and the law of the sea.

104. Nordic Council. The United Nations: Issues and Options: Five Studies on the Role of the UN in the Economic and Social Fields. Commissioned by the Nordic UN Project. Stockholm, Sweden: Nordic UN Project, 1991. 357 p.

105. O'Neill, Barry. "Power and Satisfaction in the UN Security Council." The Journal of Conflict Resolution 40, No. 2 (June 1996): 219-37.

106. The Once and Future Security Council. Edited by Bruce Russett. New York: St. Martin's Press; forthcoming, January 1997.

107. "Organizing International Relations: Fifty Years after the United Nations Charter." International Social Science Journal, No. 144 (June 1995), Special Issue.

Ten articles in this issue examine perspectives, actors, and issues affecting the UN and other international organizations.

108. Page, Robert. "International Trade and the Environment: The WTO and the New Beginning." In The Halifax Summit, Sustainable Development, and International Institutional Reform. Edited by John Kirton and Sarah Richardson. Ottawa: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, 1995, 61-69.

109. Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier. "Reflecting on the Past and Contemplating the Future." Global Governance 1, No. 2 (May/Aug. 1995): 149-70.

110. Preferred Futures for the United Nations. Edited by Saul H. Mendlovitz and Burns H. Weston, in association with Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems and the World Order Models Project. Irvington-on-Hudson, N.Y.: Transnational Publishers, 1995. ix, 515 p.

111. Puchala, Donald James, and Roger A. Coate. The Challenge of Relevance: The United Nations in a Changing World Environment. Reports and Papers, 1989-5. [Hanover, N. H.: Academic Council on the United Nations System], 1989. iv, 108 p.

112. Puchala, Donald James. The Ethics of Globalism. John W. Holmes Memorial Lecture. Reports and Papers, 1995, No. 3. Providence, R.I.: Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1995. ii, 22 p.

113. Puchala, Donald James, and Roger A. Coate. The State of the United Nations, 1988. Reports and Papers, 1988-2. [Hanover, N.H.]: Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1988. 57 p.

114. Rao, Arati. "Home-Word Bound: Women's Place in the Family of International Human Rights." Global Governance 2, No. 2 (May/August 1996): 241-60.

115. Rausser, Gordon C. GATT Negotiations and the Political Economy of Policy Reform. Berlin ; New York : Springer, c1995. viii, 357 p.

116. Reforming the United Nations: A View From the South. Geneva, Switzerland and Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania: South Centre, March 1995. 35 p.

"These texts were originally prepared for presentation at the Forum on the Future of the United Nations, of the United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination, held on 1 March 1995 in Vienna, and chaired by the UN Secretary-General."

117. Regional Responsibilities and the United Nations System: Chairmen's Report and Background Papers. Reports and Papers, 1994, No. 2. Providence, R.I.: Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1994. vi, 96 p.

118. Rivlin, Benjamin. UN Reform from the Standpoint of the United States: A Presentation Made at the United Nations University on 25 September 1995, Tokyo, Japan. UN University Lectures, 11. Tokyo: United Nations University, 1996. 35 p.

Examines the issue of UN reform, highlighting the cold war and its aftermath, UN peacekeeping, and the UN's role in socio-economic areas. Discusses implications of the 1994 U.S. Congressional elections, and current (late 1995) U.S. thinking about UN reform.

119. Roberts, Adam, and Benedict Kingsbury. Presiding over a Divided World: Changing UN Roles, 1945-1993. International Peace Academy Occasional Paper Series. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1994. 95 p.

120. Rochester, J. Martin. Waiting for the Millennium: The United Nations and the Future of World Order. Studies in International Relations. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1993. xiv, 347 p.

121. The Role and Composition of the Security Council: Report of Vantage Conference. Muscatine, Iowa: Stanley Foundation, 1993. 24 p.

122. Rosenau, James N. "Governance in the Twenty-first Century." Global Governance 1, No. 1 (Winter 1995): 13-43.

123. Rosenau, James N. The United Nations in a Turbulent World. International Peace Academy Occasional Paper Series. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992. 87 p.

124. Russett, Bruce. Ed. The Once and Future Security Council. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.

125. Russett, Bruce. "Ten Balances for Weighing UN Reform Proposals." Political Science Quarterly 111, No. 2 (Summer 1996): 259-69.

126. Russett, Bruce, Barry O'Neill, and James Sutterlin. "Breaking the Security Council Restructuring Logjam." Global Governance 2, No. 1 (January/April 1996): 65-80.

127. Saksena, K. P. Reforming the United Nations: The Challenge of Relevance. New Delhi; Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1993. 271 p.

128. Salter, Arthur. The United Nations: Reform, Replace or Supplement? David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies, London. Annual Memorial Lecture, 1957. London: David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies, 1957. 19 p.

129. Seara-Vazquez, Modesto. "The UN Security Council at Fifty: Midlife Crisis or Terminal Illness?" Global Governance 1, No. 3 (Sept./Dec. 1995): 285-96.

130. Sell, Susan. "North-South Environmental Bargaining: Ozone, Climate Change, and Biodiversity." Global Governance 2, No. 1 (January/April 1996): 97-118.

131. Shanks, Cheryl, Harold K. Jacobson, and Jeffrey H. Kaplan. "Inertia and Change in the Constellation of International Governmental Organizations, 1981-1992." International Organization 50, No. 4 (Autumn 1996): 593-627.

132. Simai, Mihály. "The Future Role of Japan within the UN." Global Governance 1, No. 3 (Sept./Dec. 1995): 319-38.

133. Solingen, Etel. "The New Multilateralism and Nonproliferation: Bringing in Domestic Politics." Global Governance 1, No. 2 (May/Aug. 1995): 205-27.

134. Starke, Linda. Signs of Hope: Working Towards Our Common Future. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. xv, 192 p.

135. Stassen, Harold. United Nations: A Working Paper for Restructuring. Minneapolis, Minn.: Lerner Publications, 1994. 127 p.

Draft charter for a restructured United Nations consisting of the following institutions: General Assembly, Security Council, Central Cabinet of Administrators, Universe Environmental Institute, United Nations Legion, Inspection Corps, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, World Court of Equity, World Board of Arbitration, World Panel of Mediators, Wordwide Conference of Religions, Research Institute of People and Governance, and Secretariat. The draft articles are juxtaposed with provisions in the present UN Charter.

136. Steele, David. The Reform of the United Nations. London; Wolfeboro, N.H.: Croom Helm, 1987. 191 p.

137. Stiles, Kendall. "Negotiating Institutional Reform: The Uruguay Round, the GATT, and the WTO." Global Governance 2, No. 1 (January/April 1996): 119-48.

138. Strong, Maurice F. "Post-Rio Sustainable Development and the Summit." In The Halifax Summit, Sustainable Development, and International Institutional Reform. Edited by John Kirton and Sarah Richardson. Ottawa: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, 1995, 9-18.

139. A Successor Vision: The United Nations of Tomorrow. Edited by Peter J. Fromuth. New York: United Nations Association of the United States of America, 1988. xxxiv, 385 p.

A high-level 23-member international panel on the United Nations Association's UN management and decision-making project (1985-1987) considered the relationship between UN functions and structure; contemplated the strengthening of UN structure in the economic and social area including the establishment of a ministerial board; presented a two-step approach toward a more integrated UN system; and recommended the creation of a new development assistance board, the elimination of the General Assembly's Second and Third committees, the expansion of ECOSOC, and other structural changes, as well as the strengthening of peace and security activities and the improvement of the role of the Secretary-General. In addition to the panel's final report, this work includes research papers produced by the project staff.

140. Sutterlin, James S. The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security: A Challenge to Be Met. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995.

141. Sweden. Prime Minister's Office. Common Responsibility in the 1990's: The Stockholm Initiative on Global Security and Governance. Stockholm: PMO, 1991. 48 p.

142. Tharoor, Shashi. "Should UN Peacekeeping Go `Back to Basics'?" Survival: the IISS Quarterly 37, No. 4 (Winter 1995-96): 52-64.

143. Toward Common Goals: Independent Commission on the Future of the United Nations; Conference Report. Ottawa: [s.n.,] 1993. [iv,] 30, [ix] p.

Summary of discussion and recommendations of the commission sponsored by four Canadian nongovernmental organizations: Centre for Research on International Organizations at the University of Ottawa, Group of 78, United Nations Association in Canada and the World Federalists of Canada. Addresses the following areas of concern: improving UN administration; the UN's role in environmental protection; the UN and North-South cooperation; legal and juridical issues and structures; peace and security; new structures for world governance; and making the UN work for women.

144. Unesco. Many Voices, One World: Report by the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems. London: Kogan Page; New York: UNIPUB; Paris: Unesco, 1980. xx, 312 p.

Known popularly as the "MacBride Report" (from the Commission's chairman, Sean MacBride), this is an examination of the mass media and of the historical, political, socioeconomic and cultural dimensions of communication. Recommends a "new world information and communication order". Includes index.

145. United Nations. UN21-Better Service, Better Value, Better Management: Progress Report of the Efficiency Board to the Secretary-General. New York: UN, 1996. vii, 50 p. Sales No. E.96.I.28.

First report of the Efficiency Board established by the Secretary-General in 1995. Rather than formulating recommendations, the Board's objective is achieve early results in the administration and management of the UN Secretariat. 400 proposed efficiency review projects involve: human resources; information technology; budget and finance; support services; operational improvements; documentation; and other areas.

146. The United Nations and the Twenty-first Century: The Imperative for Change; Report of the Thirty-first United Nations of the Next Decade Conference, June 16-21, 1996. Muscatine, Iowa: Stanley Foundation, 1996. 43 p.

147. United Nations, Divided World: The UN's Roles in International Relations. Edited by Adam Roberts and Benedict Kingsbury. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. xvi, 589 p.

148. United Nations. Department of Public Information. An Agenda for Development, 1995, with Related UN Documents. By Boutros Boutros-Ghali. New York: UN, 1995. 132 p. DPI/1622/DEV.; Sales No. E.95.I.16.

Compendium of documents preceding, following or otherwise related to the Agenda for Development. Includes index.

149. United Nations. Department of Public Information. An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-keeping; Report of the Secretary-General. By Boutros Boutros-Ghali. New York: UN, 1992. v, 53 p. DPI/1247.

Prepared at the request of the 31 January 1992 Security Council summit meeting, this report analyzes the the UN's record and capacity for peacemaking, peacekeeping, and related action, and makes a number of recommendations. Under "preventive diplomacy" it discusses confidence-building measures, fact-finding, early warning, preventive deployment, and the establishment of demilitarized zones. Issues discussed under "peacemaking" include the role of the World Court, coordinated assistance, sanctions, the use of military force, and peace-enforcement units. New demands for "peace-keeping" involve increased and better use of personnel and logistics. Additional areas discussed are "post-conflict peace-building," the UN's co-operation with regional arrangements and organizations, safety of personnel, and financing. Originally issued as United Nations, General Assembly, An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-keeping; Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to the Statement Adopted by the Summit Meeting of the Security Council on 31 January 1992 (New York: UN, 1992; 24 p.; A/47/277; S/24111). See also United Nations, General Assembly, Fiftieth Session, Supplement to An Agenda for Peace: Position Paper of the Secretary-General on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations (New York: UN, 3 January 1995; A/50/60; S/1995/1; 24 p.)

150. United Nations Development Programme. A Study of the Capacity of the United Nations Development System. Geneva: UN, 1969. 2 vols. DP/5; Sales No. E.70.I.10.

Also known after its principal author, R. G. A. Jackson, as the "Jackson Report," it examines the organization, content, administration and financing of the development activities of the UN system, and recommends changes to improve the development system.

151. United Nations. General Assembly. "Report of the Group of High-level Intergovernmental Experts to Review the Efficiency of the Administrative and Financial Functioning of the United Nations." Official Records. 41st sess., Supplement No. 49. New York: UN, 1986. iii, 40 p. A/41/49.

Presents the findings of the "Group of 18" and makes seventy-one recommendations aimed at coordination, consolidation, staff reduction, budgetary matters, simplification, and the avoidance of duplication. Submitted at about the same time as the informal report by Sadruddin Aga Khan and Maurice Strong, "United Nations Financial Emergency: Crisis and Opportunity". See also United Nations, General Assembly, Review of the Efficiency of the Administrative and Financial Functioning of the United Nations: Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 41/213.

152. United Nations. General Assembly. Restructuring and Revitalization of the United Nations in the Economic, Social and Related Fields: Subsidiary Bodies of the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly in the Economic, Social and Related Fields; Report of the Secretary-General. New York: UN, 1991. 91 p. A/46/578.

Provides information on subsidiary economic and social bodies of ECOSOC (functional and regional commissions, standing committees and expert bodies) and of the General Assembly (standing and ad hoc bodies, including UNICEF, UNDP, UNEP and other special bodies). For each institution, lists terms of reference, membership, reporting procedure and other data. Intended to facilitate restructuring and eliminate duplication.

153. United Nations. General Assembly. Review of the Efficiency of the Administrative and Financial Functioning of the United Nations: Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 41/213. New York: UN, 1987. 39 p. A/412/234 and A/42/234/Corr.1. See also United Nations, General Assembly, Review of the Efficiency of the Administrative and Financial Functioning of the United Nations: Second Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 41/213 (New York: UN, 1988; 24 p.; A/43/286) and United Nations, General Assembly, Review of the Efficiency of the Administrative and Financial Functioning of the United Nations; Establishment and Operation of a Reserve Fund: Report of the Secretary-General (New York: UN, 1989; A/44/665.)

154. United Nations, General Assembly, 41st Session. Some Reflections on Reform of the United Nations; Note by the Secretary-General. New York: UN, 1986. 23 September 1986; A/41/639.

155. United Nations. General Assembly, 49th Session. Report of the Open-ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other Matters Related to the Security Council. New York: UN, 1995. A/49/47. Issued as United Nations, General Assembly, Forty-ninth Sess., Official Records, Supplement No. 47 (A/49/47).

156. United Nations. General Assembly, 49th Session. Review of the Efficiency of the Administrative and Financial Functioning of the United Nations: Restructuring of the United Nations Secretariat: Report of the Secretary-General. New York: UN, 1994. 56 p. A/49/336.

Examines the implementation of Secretariat restructuring in 1992-94 and assesses the impact of restructuring on various UN programs. Includes annex on the objectives of restructuring.

157. United Nations. General Assembly, Fiftieth Session, Report of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group of the General Assembly on an Agenda For Development. New York: UN, 1996. Official Records of the General Assembly, Fiftieth Sess., Supplement No. 45; A/50/45.

158. United Nations. General Assembly, Fiftieth Session, Report of the Open-ended High-level Working Group on the Strengthening of the United Nations System. New York: UN, 1996. Official Records of the General Assembly, Fiftieth Sess., Supplement No. 24; A/50/24.

159. United Nations. General Assembly, Fiftieth Session, Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization. New York: UN, 1995. Official Records of the General Assembly, Fiftieth Sess., Supplement No. 33; A/50/33. See also United Nations, General Assembly, Fifty-first Session, Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization (New York: UN, 1996); Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-first Sess., Supplement No. 33; A/51/33.

160. United Nations. General Assembly. Fifty-first Session. Report of the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court. New York: UN, 1996. 2 vols. Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-first Sess., Supplement Nos. 22 and 22A; A/51/22.

161. United Nations. Group of Experts on the Structure of the United Nations System. A New United Nations Structure for Global Economic Co-operation. New York: UN, 1975. xvii, 112 p. E/AC.62/9; Sales No. E.75.II.A.7.

Known after its rapporteur as the "Gardner Report", this is an examination of the premises and goals of UN restructuring; analysis of issues and proposals; consideration of structures relating to trade, international monetary reform, development financing, food and agriculture, and industrialization; and a set of detailed recommendations.

162. "The United Nations at Fifty: Policy and Financing Alternatives." Edited by Harland Cleveland, Hazel Henderson, and Inge Kaul. Futures, Vol. 27, No. 2 (March 1995), Special Issue.

The first report from the Global Commission to Fund the United Nations released on the first official day of the United Nations World Summit on Social Development, in Copenhagen, Denmark (March 6, 1995), as a special issue of the British journal, Futures. Subsequently published as a separate monograph by the Global Commission in 1995 under the title, The United Nations: Policy and Financing Alternatives (ISBN 0-9650589-0-5).

163. The United Nations in Development: Reform Issues in the Economic and Social Fields; A Nordic Perspective. Stockholm: The Nordic UN Project, 1991. 111 p.

The final report of the Nordic UN Project, a four-year project undertaken by the governments of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, to survey and make recommendations on a whole range of economic and social areas needing reform at the UN: issues of governance and leadership, UN programmes and funds, the role of the specialized agencies, international financial institutions, emergencies and ad hoc operations, financing development programmes and funds, and UN staff resources.

164. The United Nations in Development: Strengthening the UN through Change: Fulfilling Its Economic and Social Mandate. Stockholm: The Nordic UN Project, 1991. 51 p.

Details Nordic countries' proposals for UN reform in the economic and social fields. Deals with the following issues: the UN in development; supporting integrated development and local ownership on the country level; integrated support of country-level operation at UN headquarters; the governance of the UN system; financial reform and predictable funding; staff recruitment and management.

165. The United Nations in the New World Order: The World Oganization at Fifty. Edited by Dimitris Bourantonis and Jarrod Wiener. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995. xvi, 219 p.

166. United Nations Institute for Training and Research. ECOSOC: Options for Reform. By John P. Renninger. Policy and Efficacy Studies, No. 4. New York: UN, 1981. 33 p. Sales No. E.81/XV.PE/4.

Examines the problems of the Economic and Social Council, surveys earlier efforts to restructure it, and discusses options for its abolition or reform. Includes bibliographic notes.

167. United Nations Institute for Training and Research. The Future Role of the United Nations in an Interdependent World. Edited by John P. Renninger. Dordrecht; Boston; London: Nijhoff, 1989. xviii, 283 p. Sales No. E.89.III.K.CR/30.

Collection of papers of a roundtable discussion organized jointly by UNITAR and the USSR Association for the United Nations in September 1988 in Moscow. Themes include the changing international environment, political and military aspects of international security, world economic problems, North-South relations, and challenges facing the UN. Includes index.

168. United Nations Institute for Training and Research. The Role of the United Nations in the New World Order. Edited by Michel Doo Kingué. New York: UNITAR, 1991. ii. 21 p. Sales No. E.91.III.K.CR/33.

Report of the UNITAR High-level Panel's discussion, held on 8 June 1991 in Atlanta, Georgia. The three main issues discussed were: peace and security, and the rule of law; human rights, and economic and social development; and changes to be made in the UN to enhance its role and influence.

169. United Nations Institute for Training and Research. Survey and Analysis of Evaluations of the United Nations Intergovernmental Structure and Functions in the Economic and Social Fields. By John P. Renninger. Special Commission on the In-Depth Study of the United Nations Intergovernmental Structure and Functions in the Economic and Social Fields, Informal Paper, No. 15. New York: UN, 1987. 58 p.

170. United Nations Institute for Training and Research. The Third Generation World Organization. By Maurice Bertrand. Dordrecht; Boston; London: Nijhoff, 1989. xiii, 217 p. Sales No. E.89.III.K.FS/25.

Traces the world's progress toward peace, draws up a balance sheet of the UN system, outlines a theory of peace, describes the inadequacies of the present world organization, and advocates the establishment of a third generation of world organization.

171. United Nations Institute for Training and Research. The United Nations in the 1990s: A Second Chance?. By Max Jakobson. A Twentieth Century Fund Book. [New York:] UNITAR; Twentieth Century Fund, 1993. viii, 194 p. Sales No. E.93.III.K.FS/36.

Surveys the role and discusses prospects of the UN system. In five chapters: 1, From Korea to Kuwait; 2, International security in the 1990s; 3, The Middle East test; 4, The economic and social dimension; and 5, Leadership. Includes index.

172. United Nations Reform: Looking Ahead after Fifty Years. Edited by Eric Fawcett and Hanna Newcombe. Toronto; Heddington, Oxford; Niagara Falls, N.Y.: Science for Peace, distributed by Dundurn Press, 1995. xv, 335 p.

Collection of essays for the fiftieth anniversary of the UN. Deals with reform of the UN system in terms of institutions (the General Assembly, the UN administration, and so on) and major issue areas (peace and security, human rights, environment and development, and international law). Includes recommendations to the Commission on Global Governance, an essay on Canadian priorities for UN reform, and bibliography.

173. United States Commission on Improving the Effectiveness of the United Nations. Defining Purpose: The U.N. and the Health of Nations; Final Report of the United States Commission on Improving the Effectiveness of the United Nations. [Washington, D.C.: The Commission,] 1993. 116 p.

Established by Congress to examine and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the UN system and to formulate and submit recommendations for improvement to the President, the Commission focused its attention on international security, human rights, the global environment, and the UN's internal management. Recommendations include the establishment of a UN rapid reaction force, creation of the post of High Commissioner for Human Rights, and top-to-bottom streamlining of the UN Secretariat. Includes minority views of some commissioners, and appendices.

174. United States. Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. United Nations Reform: Issues for Congress. By Marjorie Ann Browne. Washington, D.C.: CRS, Library of Congress, 1988. 59 p.

Reviews UN problems that led to U.S. congressional action to limit contributions to the UN, and surveys progress in three areas: the use of consensus in decision-making on UN budget issues; reduction of UN Secretariat staff; and reduction in the number of Soviet UN employees on fixed-term contract. Also examines proposals on restructuring and administrative reform. Includes tables, charts, and bibliography.

175. Urquhart, Brian, and Erskine Childers. "Towards a More Effective United Nations". Uppsala, Sweden: Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, 1992. Development Dialogue 1991:1/2. 96 p.

176. Urquhart, Brian, and Erskine Childers. A World in Need of Leadership: Tomorrow's United Nations; A Fresh Appraisal. 2nd ed. Uppsala, Sweden: Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, 1996. 103 p.

Analysis of the leadership role of the UN Secretary-General and of the selection process for that office, followed by a detailed examination of the selection, search process, screening and other aspects of finding candidates for the top echelon in the UN proper and other agencies in the UN system. Includes recommendations, tables and index.

177. Urquidi, Victor L. Can the United Nations System Meet the Challenges of the World Economy? John W. Holmes Memorial Lecture. Reports and Papers, 1991, No. 2. [Hanover, N. H.:] Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1991. ii, 12 p.

178. Uvin, Peter, and Isabelle Biagiotti. "Global Governance and the `New' Political Conditionality." Global Governance 2, No. 3 (September/December 1996): 377-400.

179. Van Cott, Donna Lee. "Prospects for Self-Determination of Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: Questions of Law and Practice." Global Governance 2, No. 1 (January/April 1996): 43-64.

180. Washburn, John L. "United Nations Relations with the United States: The UN Must Look Out for Itself." Global Governance 2, No. 1 (January/April 1996): 81-96.

181. Weiss, Thomas G. "Overcoming the Somalia Syndrome: 'Operation Rekindle Hope?" Global Governance 1, No. 2 (May/Aug. 1995): 171-87.

182. Whose New World Order: What Role for the United Nations? Edited by Mara R. Bustelo and Philip Alston. Annandale, NSW: Federation Press, 1991. xiv, 157 p.

183. Williams, Abiodun, José Alvarez, Ruth Gordon, and W. Andy Knight. Article 2(7) Revisited. Reports and Papers, 1994, No. 5. Providence, R.I.: Academic Council on the United Nations System, 1994. ii, 81 p.

184. Working with the UN To Build a New Era: Japan's Role and Approach [in Japanese]. Edited by Tatsuro Kunugi. Tokyo: Simul Press, 1995.

185. World Bank. Bank Restructuring: Lessons from the 1980s. Edited by Andrew Sheng. Washington, D.C.: WB, 1996. vi, 183 p.

Compendium of eight case studies: Spain, U.S., Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Chana, Malaysia, and Yugoslavia. Includes bibliographies.

186. World Bank. The Evolving Role of the World Bank: Helping Meet the Challenge of Development. Edited by K. Sarwar Lateef. Washington, D.C.: WB, 1995. vii, 230 p.

Compendium of eight essays: overview of the World Bank's first half-century; from reconstruction and development in Europe and Japan; the food crisis in South Asia; the Latin American debt crisis; transition in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union; the East Asian economic miracle; the challenge of Africa; and IBRD and capital markets.

187. World Bank. Development Committee. Serving a Changing World: Report of the Task Force on Multilateral Development Banks. Washington, D.C.: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; International Monetary Fund, 1996. xii, 29, 2, 3 p.

Assesses the five major multilateral development banks: the World Bank, the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Inter-American Development Bank. Discusses support for sustainable development, striving for results, and enhancing the impact of multilateral development banks as a group. Includes recommendations.

188. World Bank Group. Learning from the Past, Embracing the Future. Washington, D.C.: WBG, 1994. 32 p.

189. World Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. xv, 383 p.

Established by the UN General Assembly but independent of control by the UN system and by governments, the World Commission on Environment and Development consisted of twenty-two prominent figures from East and West as well as North and South, and was chaired by Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland of Norway. The "Brundtland Report" deals with mankind's common concerns, common challenges and common action needed to achieve environmentally sustainable development. Some of the Report's recommendations are aimed at strengthening the leadership role of the UN system by such means as "organizational reform, ... greater economy and efficiency ... [and] building sustainable development objectives and criteria into the mandates, programmes, and budget of each agency" of the UN family. See also Reconvened World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future Reconvened (London, 22-24 April 1992; 32 p.)

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