Fytton: Your message makes sense; I too believe(d) that the OA journals charging publication fees were established, (at least partly) in order to test the viability of author-pays, rather than reader-pays, for a variety of interesting reasons. But last weekend, when participating on an OA panel at a society conference and making a similar point to yours, I heard from one of the highly visible OA publishers that the reason they created library membership fees was that a number of libraries had approached *them* (the publishers) and said they wanted to help -- and asked how they could support these journals/publishers financially, could they pay something? From this response, which has also been mentioned in other fora, it would appear that we in the library community somehow don't want to test this option in any rigorous way -- or at least we are not advancing that experiment. (Note herein I'm not saying that librarians should or shouldn't have made these offers, but now reporting a discussion at a recent meeting of STM journal editors.) Ann Okerson/Yale Library