While we all have the mantra 'industry reads more than it publishers' drummed into us, industry does publish and so some revenue will come directly from industry. There will also be indirect income - universities are increasingly accepting industrial funding for research projects conducted within the university. Publication costs could easily be included in the costs that the university charges, so lightening the load on the poor taxpayer. (And, of course, while there may be some subject areas where a large minority of the revenue comes from industry, there are others where the proportion is almost zero.) David